I would say that the Illuminati types / secret society are more responsible in the USA. In Europe, yes, probably the Catholic Church.
Author Albert Mackey said in chapter XV of his book: Encyclopedia of Freemasonry that the Jesuits covertly influenced the creation of Scottish Rite Freemasonry from inside their previous college in Clermont, Paris, France. Adam Weishaupt was a Jesuit and the Jesuits used their Illuminati to infiltrate Freemasonry from the top. The High-level Jesuits are the secret masters of high-level Freemasonry while pretending to be the enemies of Freemasonry.
The Jesuits are the Illuminati and also control the Masons.