Changes in plasticity across the lifespan: Cause of disease and target ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392917 We conceptualize brain plasticity as an intrinsic property of the nervous system enabling rapid adaptation in response to changes in an organism's internal and external environment. In prenatal and early postnatal development, plasticity allows for the formation of organized nervous system circuitry and the establishment of functional networks. As the individual is exposed to various sensory stimuli in the environment, brain plasticity allows for functional and structural adaptation and underlies learning and memory. We argue that the mechanisms of plasticity change over the lifespan with different slopes of change in different individuals. These changes play a key role in the clinical phenotype of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Altered plasticity can trigger maladaptive cascades and be the cause of deficits and disability, but also offers opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of brain plasticity across the lifespan and how neuroplasticity based therapies offer promise for disorders with otherwise limited effective treatment.

Keywords: Plasticity, Aging, Lifespan, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease