I'll teach you binary right now. It means nothing (unless the representation helps view things idk). Count. You go up to nine then you add a new digit. With binary you just go up to 2. Congrats now you know it.
1 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1 -10 -> 11 -> 100 -> 101 -> 110
Powers of 2 look like 1000, 10, 100000, 10, exactly how powers of 10.