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Erdogan sacks another central bank chief after sharp rate hike
President Tayyip Erdogan abruptly sacked Turkey's central bank chief on Saturday, two days after a sharp interest rate hike to head off inflation, replacing him with a former ruling party lawmaker and critic of tight monetary policy.
It was the third time since mid-2019 that Erdogan - who has repeatedly called for low rates - has ousted a bank governor. Analysts predicted the lira would tumble when markets reopened as the bank's credibility took another hit. Outgoing governor Naci Agbal, appointed less than five months ago, had won market praise by aggressively raising the policy rate by 875 basis points to 19%, the highest of any big economy. His shock removal, announced in the early hours Saturday, comes after the bank hiked rates by a more-than-expected 200 points on Thursday in a "front-loaded" move meant to head off inflation near 16% and a dipping lira. The country's Official Gazette announced that Erdogan had replaced him with Sahap Kavcioglu, a former member of parliament for Erdogan's ruling AK Party (AKP). The former banker has publicly criticised Agbal's hawkish policy. "While interest rates are close to zero in the world, opting for a rate hike for us will not solve economic problems," he wrote in a column in Yeni Safak newspaper last month.
Rate hikes will "indirectly cause inflation to rise," he added - echoing Erdogan's unorthodox view of monetary economics, which has dogged the major emerging market economy for years. A lack of monetary independence has exacerbated Turkey's boom-bust growth and record dollarization, and helped keep inflation in double digits for most of the last four years, economists say. The lira has lost half its value since 2018. "This implies the government will once again try to stimulate the economy by low rate policies," said Selva Demiralp, director of the Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum, in Istanbul. "Such a priority has a high potential to backfire by causing extreme pressures on the lira and contracting the economy even further," she said. Kavcioglu, the fourth central bank chief in five years, is known among local bankers but little among mainstream economists and foreign investors.
Before being elected in 2015 in Turkey's northeast AKP stronghold, he was deputy general manager at state lender Halkbank as part of a more than 25-year career in banking. A trader at one local bank predicted Kavcioglu would deliver a rate cut before the next scheduled policy meeting in April. "There is now a very real chance that Turkey is heading for a messy balance of payments crisis," Jason Tuvey, analyst at Capital Economics, wrote in a note. Since Agbal's appointment on Nov. 7, the lira had rebounded more than 15% from a record low beyond 8.50 to the dollar. Some $20 billion of foreign funds also trickled into Turkish assets, reversing years of outflows. But even tough Erdogan appointed Agbal as part of what he called a new market-friendly economic era, the president continued to urge lower rates. In announcing reforms this month, he said price stability should be "put aside".
Early on Saturday, Agbal thanked Erdogan on Twitter "for all the posts he has found me fit for and appointed me to until today… I also convey my gratefulness for removing me from my post as of today." Agbal, also a long-time AKP member, had regularly repeated his determination to get inflation down to a 5% target by the end of 2023 and promised to hike again if needed. "If you abandon a tight policy stance … at an early stage, past experiences show that inflation moves upward again," Agbal told Reuters last month in his first interview as governor. His removal continues the rapid turnover at the bank. In July 2019, Erdogan sacked governor Murat Cetinkaya for not bringing interest rates down swiftly. He dismissed Cetinkaya's replacement, Murat Uysal, in November last year after the lira slumped to its record low.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Erdogan-sacks-another-central-bank-chief-after-sharp-rate-hike
they all go through the Federal Reserve to issue said currency and the FRB requires a license to do so.
There is no such thing as a hard-backed FIAT currency-as much as many would like to have you believe that
They are all toilet paper just like the stock/bond/debt markets.
Go look up who prints the actual currency and who is required to approve of it and get a cut
Your answer again…NOTHING it's all bullshit
Quarterly Report on Bank Trading and Derivatives Activities-Dec 2020
This is the latest report available of the derivative holdings of the banking system.
Keep in mind that it only reflects Q3 data and cuts off as of Sept. 30th-2020 these have likely increased-they have over the last year with all of the listed in cap #1
No surprise who is still at the top of the list and has been for a very long time-The Morgue derivative-based 'assets valued' at $50.63t.
In second place is Goldman Sachs and they have a special place in this list by having the least amount of total assets $277.94b "backing" a huge shitpile of derivatives $45.43t.
Dopey's tub 'o shitibank is in third place with $42.24t total
All three have the bulk of it in OTC Swaps-
Swaps are customized contracts traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market privately, versus options and futures traded on a public exchange.
The plain vanilla interest rate and currency swaps are the two most common and basic types of swaps.
https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/quarterly-report-on-bank-trading-and-derivatives-activities/files/pub-derivatives-quarterly-qtr3-2020.pdf
The real "fun" begins when all these banks panic and start grabbing collateral or assets.
laters