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This supply problem prompted Health Canada to take the unusual step of advising patients to use an expired EpiPen—if that’s all they have—and call 911 to get to a hospital emergency department.
In general, drug manufacturers are required to provide Health Canada with evidence that their products retain potency for at least a certain period of time. “Expiration dates indicate the time at which the full potency and safety of the medication may begin to diminish,” says Christina Antoniou, a spokesperson for Pfizer Canada Inc.
Typically, the expiration dates for most drugs are set at two or three years from the time of manufacture. EpiPens have an even shorter shelf life—about 18 months. But there’s been very little research done on how quickly—or slowly—drugs break down after they’re past the expiry date.
https://healthydebate.ca/personal-health-navigator/epipen-expiry-date
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie500037x