Rosa Luxemburg, one of the most prominent Marxist theoreticians and revolutionary leaders of her generation, was born on 5 March 1871 in the small Polish town of Zamość – the gifted daughter of an educated and comfortable Jewish middle-class family.1 Though active for many years in the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) (known before 1903 as the Polish Social Democrats), she would become famous after 1898 primarily as the fiery guardian of the purity of Marxian doctrines of class struggle in the German Social Democratic Party
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