https://www.cioconference.ro/
Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity … VUCA.
Efficient Charge Transfer and Fine‐Tuned Energy Level Alignment in a THF‐Processed Fullerene‐Free Organic Solar Cell with 11.3% Efficiency
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.201604241
Abstract
Fullerene‐free organic solar cells show over 11% power conversion efficiency, processed by low toxic solvents. The applied donor and acceptor in the bulk heterojunction exhibit almost the same highest occupied molecular orbital level, yet exhibit very efficient charge creation.
Full paper attached as PDF
The Curious Case of Fluorination of Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cells.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28872834/
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been a rising star in the field of renewable energy since the introduction of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) in 1992. Recent advances have pushed the efficiencies of OSCs to over 13%, an impressive accomplishment via collaborative efforts in rational materials design and synthesis, careful device engineering, and fundamental understanding of device physics. Throughout these endeavors, several design principles for the conjugated donor polymers used in such solar cells have emerged, including optimizing the conjugated backbone with judicious selection of building blocks, side-chain engineering, and substituents. Among all of the substituents, fluorine is probably the most popular one; improved device characteristics with fluorination have frequently been reported for a wide range of conjugated polymers, in particular, donor-acceptor (D-A)-type polymers. Herein we examine the effect of fluorination on the device performance of solar cells as a function of the position of fluorination (on the acceptor unit or on the donor unit), aiming to outline a clear understanding of the benefits of this curious substituent. As fluorination of the acceptor unit is the most adopted strategy for D-A polymers, we first discuss the effect of fluorination of the acceptor units, highlighting the five most widely utilized acceptor units. While improved device efficiency has been widely observed with fluorinated acceptor units, the underlying reasons vary from case to case and highly depend on the chemical structure of the polymer. Second, the effect of fluorination of the donor unit is addressed. Here we focus on four donor units that have been most studied with fluorination. While device-performance-enhancing effects by fluorination of the donor units have also been observed, it is less clear that fluorine will always benefit the efficiency of the OSC, as there are several cases where the efficiency drops, in particular with "over-fluorination", i.e., when too many fluorine substituents are incorporated. Finally, while this Account focuses on studies in which the polymer is paired with fullerene derivatives as the electron accepting materials, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are quickly becoming key players in the field of OSCs. The effect of fluorination of the polymers on the device performance may be different when NFAs are used as the electron-accepting materials, which remains to be investigated. However, the design of fluorinated polymers may provide guidelines for the design of more efficient NFAs. Indeed, the current highest-performing OSC (∼13%) features fluorination on both the donor polymer and the non-fullerene acceptor.
Full paper attached as PDF
Rig for RED!
Recognize assumptions
Evaluate arguments
Draw conclusions
The signs of a Critical Thinker –– RED.
Time for the real COUNTERinsurgency
Stealth mode
Start your engines
Fly your B2 bombers straight into enemy territory
And DROP YOUR BOMBs on their hashtags
Using their language
Ask a question, one that they must DIG to answer.
PlantCognitive Dissonancein their mind
Show them how the Democrats are not supporting the historic ideals of the Democratic party
Show them how Democrats are tearing down society
Show them how TRUMP is delivering on many of the Democrat promises
Even those of Obama and Clinton and Jimmy Carter.
Plant the seeds of doubt
But never say that you are voting Trump
Always show how you WANT to support the Democrat party
Like you always have
But the current leaders are making this so hard
SO AGONIZING
Show theREAL PAIN THAT YOU FEELin trying to decide what to do.
Stealth Mode
Rig for RED!
Recognize assumptions
Evaluate arguments
Draw conclusions
The signs of a Critical Thinker –– RED.
Get in under their radar.
Silent running.
Laugh at Trump the fool.
Then tell them about the PAIN THAT YOU FEEL
When you see the Orange Man Bad deliveringBetter Medicare
Lower drug prices
No Pre-Existing Condition
Tell them that in Canada, they still check preexisting conditions when you buy health insurance
OH THE PAIN!!!
How can you justify voting Biden Harris when TRUMP delivers?
Ask them for help
Ask them to explain
Ask them to make sense of it all for you
And never let them see the submarine that you came on.
Make next month aRED OCTOBER!!!
Get ready now…
Clever CLOWN
We should all follow you
We should sit and wait and do nothing
We should ignore the cues from Q
We should ignore the hints that QDROPped
What do you take us for, honey? We recognize a Clown Psyops Officer when we see one.