“CIA Briefing to Secretary Shultz’s Committee on South Africa – 10 July 1986” - https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP89G00720R000500060010-9.pdf. Attached is a copy and below are a few excerpts.
The ANC was first targeted by the Soviet Union in 1928, when Moscow instructed the South African Communist Part to penetrate the ANC. The SACP is strongly pro-Soviet and well-represented in the ANC’s leadership.
The Soviet Bloc provides almost all (over 90 percent) of the ANC’s military support and training. Most of the ANC’s military training is conducted by Cuban and East German military advisors at several camps in Angola…. We estimate that Moscow also provides the ANC with roughly half of its nonmilitary support; that is, about $25 million annually. The remainder comes from the Scandinavian state (Sweden in particular), the World Council of Churches, and various other international organizations such as the UN and OAU. (This can explain why the ANC was able to “kidnap” 2 defectors from the UN. Details can be found at this post, >>11050138 )
SACP officials also are in frequent contact with Soviet officials in various southern African and European capitals. Most ANC literature is written in London by SACP members and printed in East Germany. (It further mentions) the pervasive pro-Soviet, Anti-US line in ANC propaganda. (It continues until today)
The ANC maintains a diplomatic and propaganda apparatus designed largely to solicit support from the international community and which maintains offices in 38 countries, and a military wing. The military wing, encompasses over half the ANC membership and is largely based in camps in Angola, with clandestine facilities in states bordering South Africa. There are 500 Cuban and East German advisers and trainers attached to these camps.
In the last two years the ANC’s quest for legitimacy as the sole representative of the South African masses has registered particular success as Western governments have begun to consult with and acknowledge the ANC as a major actor – if not the major actor – in South Africa. (Yet ignoring Buthelezi of Inkatha who had a very large following in SA)
The SACP is a protégé of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, which funds and guides it. Moscow sees the ANC as a “progressive, well-disciplined revolutionary movement” and, going back to the Comintern days, has treated the ANC as its “natural ally” in the region deserving of financial, political, and military support. Moscow is actively working to expand its influence over the ANC which was founded by and continues to include significant elements that have nationalist agenda divergent from that of the SACP.
The Soviet Central Committee and other senior bodies appear convinced that the best way to advance Soviet interests in South Africa is by violence and armed struggle. Carefully directed violence, as Moscow sees it, will provoke counteraction and repression by the South African Government, which in turn will contribute to the polarization and politicization of the masses. Violence will disrupt the economy, lead to disinvestment by Western governments, and ultimately promote the collapse of the South African regime.