Anonymous ID: 081b29 April 8, 2021, 6:07 p.m. No.13387632   🗄️.is đź”—kun   >>7663

>>13387526

Partial from the link.

 

Despite all the aforementioned concerns with residual confounding, there are a few plausible biologic mechanisms by which smoking might indeed be associated with less severe COVID-19 disease. First, nicotine, which is an agonist of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, could potentially offer a protective effect in COVID-19.32 This is also a potential explanation for its ability to treat inflamed bowels. It inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6, without inhibiting the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10,32 33 thereby possibly protecting against the cytokine-storm syndrome, a phenomenon responsible for the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19.34 Continuous suppression of these systemic cytokines in smokers may adapt their immune response in becoming more tolerant and therefore less reactive to the continuous inflammatory stimuli when compared with patients who have never smoked.35 Second, nitric oxide (NO) produced during smoking is involved in maintaining airway dilation and filtration prior to its entry in lungs.36 NO has been shown to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its entry into cells.37 Third, smoking may upregulate ACE2, an anti-inflammatory protein, in lower respiratory tract—as further discussed below

 

https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/08/11/bmjebm-2020-111492

Anonymous ID: 081b29 April 8, 2021, 6:19 p.m. No.13387730   🗄️.is đź”—kun   >>7771

>>13387663

Yw. Nicotine isn’t a bad drug really, the main delivery systems are the issue. Patches would be fine as well as the gums and lozenges. Spouseanon and I are both smokers, neither of us have had it. Certainly wouldn’t recommend smoking for sure but there may be something to the nicotine. The other thought I had was that smoking would seem to make for a bad environment in the nose and mouth, and lungs too I guess, for anything good or bad.