Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:33 p.m. No.14017813   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7827 >>7930

>>14017777

https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Rio+Grande+Gorge+Bridge/New+Mexico/@34.6675587,-108.0745969,7z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x871776f5c94bbfb5:0x90a46d95988cb141!2m2!1d-105.7330458!2d36.4762244!1m5!1m1!1s0x86e0507ca7c2de95:0xfd41bf5fd31a85d9!2m2!1d-105.6881788!2d32.88641!3e2!5m1!1e4

Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:37 p.m. No.14017846   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

>>14017827

>greatest fun run ever

https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Rio+Grande+Gorge+Bridge,+New+Mexico+87529/Ship+Rock,+New+Mexico/@36.487176,-108.4060748,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x871776f5c94bbfb5:0x90a46d95988cb141!2m2!1d-105.7330458!2d36.4762244!1m5!1m1!1s0x873a4ceb70dd12c3:0xb4635c62cb7ed055!2m2!1d-108.8364343!2d36.6866691!3e2

Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:43 p.m. No.14017886   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7914 >>7936

"there was a holocaust?"

The genocide of indigenous peoples is the mass destruction of entire communities of indigenous peoples.[Note 1] Indigenous peoples are understood to be people whose historical and current territory has become occupied by colonial expansion, or the formation of a state by a dominant group such as a colonial power.[1]

 

While the concept of genocide was formulated by Raphael Lemkin in the mid-20th century, the expansion of various European colonial powers such as the British and Spanish empires and the subsequent establishment of colonies on indigenous territory frequently involved acts of genocidal violence against indigenous groups in the Americas, Australia, Africa, and Asia.[2] According to Lemkin, colonization was in itself "intrinsically genocidal". He saw this genocide as a two-stage process, the first being the destruction of the indigenous population's way of life. In the second stage, the newcomers impose their way of life on the indigenous group.[3][4] According to David Maybury-Lewis, imperial and colonial forms of genocide are enacted in two main ways, either through the deliberate clearing of territories of their original inhabitants in order to make them exploitable for purposes of resource extraction or colonial settlements, or through enlisting indigenous peoples as forced laborers in colonial or imperialist projects of resource extraction.[5] The designation of specific events as genocidal is often controversial.[6]

Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:46 p.m. No.14017914   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7919 >>7985

"there was a holocaust?"

The genocide of indigenous peoples is the mass destruction of entire communities of indigenous peoples.[Note 1] Indigenous peoples are understood to be people whose historical and current territory has become occupied by colonial expansion, or the formation of a state by a dominant group such as a colonial power.[1]

 

While the concept of genocide was formulated by Raphael Lemkin in the mid-20th century, the expansion of various European colonial powers such as the British and Spanish empires and the subsequent establishment of colonies on indigenous territory frequently involved acts of genocidal violence against indigenous groups in the Americas, Australia, Africa, and Asia.[2] According to Lemkin, colonization was in itself "intrinsically genocidal". He saw this genocide as a two-stage process, the first being the destruction of the indigenous population's way of life. In the second stage, the newcomers impose their way of life on the indigenous group.[3][4] According to David Maybury-Lewis, imperial and colonial forms of genocide are enacted in two main ways, either through the deliberate clearing of territories of their original inhabitants in order to make them exploitable for purposes of resource extraction or colonial settlements, or through enlisting indigenous peoples as forced laborers in colonial or imperialist projects of resource extraction.[5] The designation of specific events as genocidal is often controversial.[6] >>14017886

>"there was a holocaust?"

Some scholars, among them Lemkin, have argued that cultural genocide, sometimes called ethnocide, should also be recognized. A people group may continue to exist, but if it is prevented from perpetuating its group identity by prohibitions of its cultural and religious practices, practices which are the basis of its group identity, this may also be considered a form of genocide. Examples of this form of genocide include the treatment of Tibetans and Uyghurs by the Government of China, and Native Americans by the government of the United States and First Nations peoples by the Canadian government.[7][8][9][10]

Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:47 p.m. No.14017919   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7922

>>14017914

>"there was a holocaust?"

The concept of genocide was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin:[11]

 

New conceptions require new terms. By โ€˜โ€˜genocideโ€ we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group. This new word, coined by the author to denote an old practice in its modern development, is made from the ancient Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin tide (killing), thus corresponding in its formation to such words as tyrannicide, homicide, infanticide, etc. Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. The objectives of such a plan would be the disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups. Genocide is directed against the national group as an entity, and the actions involved are directed against individuals, not in their individual capacity, but as members of the national group.

 

After World War II, it was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. For Lemkin, genocide was broadly defined and included all attempts to destroy a specific ethnic group, whether strictly physical through mass killings, or cultural or psychological through oppression and destruction of indigenous ways of life.[12]

 

The UN definition, which is used in international law, is narrower than Lemkin's, and states that genocide is: "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group," as such:[13]

 

(a) "Killing members of the group;"

(b) "Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;"

(c) "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;"

(d) "Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;"

(e) "Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."

Anonymous ID: cb7123 June 29, 2021, 5:47 p.m. No.14017922   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7942

>>14017919

>>"there was a holocaust?"

The determination of whether a historical event should be considered genocide can be a matter of scholarly debate. Historians often draw on broader definitions such as Lemkin's, which sees colonialist violence against indigenous peoples as inherently genocidal. For example, in the case of the colonization of the Americas, where the indigenous people of the Americas declined by up to 90% in the first centuries of European colonization, it can be debatable whether genocide occurs when disease is considered the main cause of this decline since the introduction of disease was mostly unintentional.[14][15] Some genocide scholars separate the population declines due to disease from the genocidal aggression of one group toward another.[16] Some scholars argue that intent of genocide is not necessary, since genocide may be the cumulative result of minor conflicts in which settlers, or colonial or state agents, perpetrate violence against minority groups.[1] Others argue that the dire consequences of European diseases among many New World populations were exacerbated by different forms of genocidal violence, and that intentional and unintentional deaths cannot easily be separated.[17][18] Some scholars regard the colonization of the Americas as genocide, since they argue it was largely achieved through systematically exploiting, removing and destroying specific ethnic groups, which would create environments and conditions for such disease to proliferate.[19][20][21]

 

According to a 2020 study by Tai S Edwards and Paul Kelton, recent scholarship shows "that colonizers bear responsibility for creating conditions that made natives vulnerable to infection, increased mortality, and hindered population recovery. This responsibility intersected with more intentional and direct forms of violence to depopulate the Americasโ€ฆ germs can no longer serve as the basis for denying American genocides."[15]