Anonymous ID: c5bf12 July 11, 2021, 10:52 a.m. No.14100937   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Zuma Incarceration | Crowd tries to loot factory [liquor outlet]” – Marianhill near Pinetown- https://youtu.be/P3fv_9d0Kmo

 

Guess why they are looting the liquor factory?

 

“Alcohol Banned in South Africa for Two Weeks” dated 6/28/2021 at https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/alcohol-banned-in-south-africa-for-two-weeks/ar-AALymi7

 

As South Africa enters a third wave of the pandemic, president Cyril Ramaphosa reveals new Covid-19 measures, including a ban on alcohol sales.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 July 11, 2021, 10:53 a.m. No.14100948   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“WATCH: KZN ‘Free Jacob Zuma’ protests turn to looting sprees” – Protests spread to Limpopo as well- https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/looting-sprees-in-kzn-protests-freejacobzumanow-jacobzuma-gautengshutdown-kzn-shutdown/

 

Sporadic protests that brought several parts of KZN on Friday have turned into a looting spree as shops and trucks were looted off goods.

 

Sporadic protests in KwaZulu-Natal have turned into a looting spree as protestors looted shops and trucks off goods in the province. The protestors which are believed to be Jacob Zuma supporters looted Shoprite in KwaMashu and stole cash registers, they also looted Spar in South Beach, Durban.

 

Major roads and highways were blocked in the province with burning tyres and rocks. As of Sunday, authorities have confirmed that over 30 trucks have been torched. Infrastructure was also destroyed in these protests.

 

Police have been placed on high alert in the province and the ANC also called for calm and stability in the province.

 

“The destruction of property and infrastructure and looting accompany these violent protests must be condemned in the strongest possible terms. The ANC recognises and respects the rights of every South African to protest peacefully and unarmed and freely to express their views on any matter of concern. However, in exercising their constitutional rights, citizens must respect the rights of others and refrain from breaking the law or using violence,” ANC spokesperson Pule Mabe said.

 

PROTESTS SPREAD OVER TO GAUTENG AND LIMPOPO

 

Johannesburg Metro Police Department said M2 closed off to traffic in both directions between Benrose & Cleveland following continuous riots in the area with reports of shots being fired at passing vehicles. Traffic is diverted at Maritzburg Street and Cleveland Road.

 

The Democratic Alliance (DA) also called on police in Gauteng to take action against individuals or groups who attempt to shut down parts of Guateng.

 

DA Gauteng leader, Solly Msimanga said: “The hard lockdowns of the past year have caused profound damage for businesses and South Africans who have lost their jobs. Shutdowns by so-called ‘radical forces’ will not be tolerated and should not be allowed to hamper any movement of the economy that is allowed under level 4 lockdown.”

 

Despite all the unrest and chaos, Defence Minister, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula said the SANDF will not yet be deployed to KwaZulu-Natal.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 July 27, 2021, 6:15 a.m. No.14207552   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Phoenix violence: The real problem is not race, but the police’s incompetence”- https://southafricatoday.net/south-africa-news/kwazulu-natal/phoenix-violence-the-real-problem-is-not-race-but-the-polices-incompetence/

 

Race is not to blame for the violence that ravaged Phoenix in KwaZulu-Natal where several people were killed, but the failure of the police force and some of the country’s other security structures to do their job properly.

 

This can be gleaned from President Cyril Ramaphosa’s weekly newsletter in which he asks South Africans to have “honest conversations” with each other about race, while making special reference to the violence that played out in the predominantly Indian residential area of Phoenix.

 

The FF Plus has requested to have such an open discussion on race numerous times in the past. The party also asked that Affirmative Action (AA) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) must come under discussion as well.

 

The President must not try and hold up and hide behind racism when it comes to the events that took place in Phoenix. The truth is that the Phoenix community had no other choice but to protect itself seeing as the police force was apparently unable to.

 

Nobody is justifying vigilantism, but the situation in Phoenix must be seen in context of the actual events that transpired there as well as the fact that a lack of police presence greatly contributed to the situation’s volatility.

 

If the police force had done its job, those events would never have occurred in Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal. President Ramaphosa must accept full responsibility for what happened seeing as he allowed incompetence to paralyse the country’s security structures on his watch.

 

The President is also wrong in assuming that the events in Phoenix reflect the average South African’s racial disposition.

 

A good example and true reflection of racial relations was evident between the people in Pongola where the entire community – white, black, coloured and Indian – joined hands to protect their town against anarchy.

 

It is wrong to focus only on what went wrong in Phoenix and ignore the good racial relations elsewhere.

 

The FF Plus has said this before and will say it again: The party is in favour of having an honest conversation about race where everyone will have the opportunity to have their voices heard, not just the ANC government.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 July 27, 2021, 6:16 a.m. No.14207557   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Bongani Bingwa Chats with Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng” – About law enforcement and ‘philanthropy’dated October 12, 2019, at https://youtu.be/nsjNjwbKlaY

 

Noteworthy statements

 

10:57 – “I am saying whatever the police, the National Prosecuting Authority and the judiciary does is to treat symptoms. For this problem to be addressed properly, we need to identify the root causes of the challenges that confront us, a society, and crime is no exception.”

 

13:45 – “You spoke last week about an approach maybe even an offer of 600 million rand which you turned down. What details can you give us about that?… I think it’s enough to say I wasn’t approached directly. There was a middle person that I respect highly that I believe was coming to me innocently and that’s what makes it a bit challenging for me to disclose the details. It’s enough to say, it was an American billionaire who made an offer through a particular structure… And what was the offer?… Sorry, to modernize the courts. The offer as it was conveyed to me was, “we’ve heard you say you need to take 600 million rand to modernize the courts. We’re willing to give you whatever amount you want, we won’t be involved in whatever tender processes are to be embarked upon. You deal with the money as you please”… Somebody listening to that would say that sounds like philanthropy, that sounds like benevolence. Why would you see it as capture? Because you said that’s how capture begins and that’s why you turned it down… Why don’t they go to the state treasury and give money there? Why should I be approached directly? Why should it even be a secret approach? It should be out in the open. They know structures that they release money to us. That’s where they must go but if you come straight to me it becomes very suspicious… Your office has been burgled, it has been attacked and it’s one of those things as far I know that matter is still not solved terms of what happened there, it’s one of those things that is concerning… It is especially because of how the matter was handled. Initially we were told that the computers had been located. They’re with some business person. They will be bought back and the person would be arrested but we only got to know via the media that the case was withdrawn. We were not formally informed, it was only when I had a meeting with the Minister of Police and complained that a formal letter came that they are no longer pursuing the case… and that’s that… and that’s it. There is nothing we can do. We are at the mercy of those chart with a constitutional responsibility to investigate… So as an ordinary citizen I think if that’s how your matter is dealt with what happens to ordinary joe, like me, what happens to a man on the street… I think that’s a question best… answered by them.”

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 11, 2021, 2:52 p.m. No.14328267   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“African National Congress | Death threats against Duarte”- https://youtu.be/SIgV5_bOLqU. A good discussion.

 

“Political analyst Ongama Mtimka spoke with eNCA's Sally Burdett.”

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 18, 2021, 9:13 a.m. No.14388116   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Middle East Bankers Behind Jacob Zuma’s White Hate Speech And Land Grabs” (Part 1)dated July 6, 2017, at https://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/07/06/middle-east-bankers-behind-jacob-zumas-white-hate-speech-and-land-grabs/. Below are excerpts.

 

Who is behind Jacob Zuma’s Proposed Land “Expropriation Without Compensation? ” The same people who are behind Islamic State.

 

The same people who have been behind the land grabs in Libya, Yemen, Iraq and Syria over the last six years and intend to extend their resource theft across the whole of North Africa, doing to Orthodox Christian Ethiopia what has been done to Christians by Islamic State Terrorists in recent years , are also aiming at the southern regions of Africa, namely South Africa, through their stooge Jacob Zuma, who in order to achieve their aims has gone on a massive “hate the whites,” rant and Mugabe clone land grab rhetoric.

 

If we follow the paper trail of Jacob Zuma through his puppeteer Gupta, it leads us to India, Pakistan, Qatar, Dubai and Switzerland.

 

Not surprisingly is also leads to the same banking interests behind Islamic State extremists who have been laundering narcotics and human trafficking proceeds to fund their illegal terror operations that have caused such devastation in the Middle East.

 

What does become very clear is that it has very little to do with South Africans, white or black, and a lot more to do with the policies of those who have funded, armed, trained and supported Islamic State groups over the last six years.

 

As I write this there is much finger pointing between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, both countries who have supported the Muslim Brotherhood franchises such as Boko Haram, al-Qaeda, al-Nusra and Islamic state in their “religious jihad,” which is nothing of the sort, but is instead an expression of pure greed and power as it is across the whole of Northern Africa, supported by covert intelligence agencies controlled by the CIA and Mossad mercenaries and Gulf State, European and American bankers. Multiculturalism is international and crosses border lines. The criminals in society today cannot be defined by race, religion or nationality.

 

If we dig deep enough, the same can be said for South Africa. Zuma’s land grab policies have less to do with “hate the whites,” and a lot more to do with banking interests in India, Pakistan, Switzerland and the Middle East and their crusade to take over resources in the whole of Africa, especially businesses and land owned by the middle class, black, white and “liquorice allsorts” in line with a NWO Corporate Fascist model that has swept the western world like a swarm of locusts, devouring all small, medium and large privately owned farms, businesses and industries.

 

Often ignored is that is was black Zimbabweans who have suffered more under Jesuit Robert Mugabe than the whites who were thrown off their farms, millions of whom fled to South Africa as refugees. At one stage the Methodist church in the centre of Johannesburg was converted into a refugee haven for black Zimbabweans fleeing their own country. In the future the situation could get far worse with millions fleeing Islamic State terrorism in North and central Africa down into South Africa in the hope of finding safety and security.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 18, 2021, 9:14 a.m. No.14388121   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Middle East Bankers Behind Jacob Zuma’s White Hate Speech And Land Grabs” (Part 2)dated July 6, 2017, at https://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/07/06/middle-east-bankers-behind-jacob-zumas-white-hate-speech-and-land-grabs/. Below are excerpts.

 

Under the guise of Islamic extremism, terrorist organizations such as Boko Haram and UNITA mercenaries for hire who also have links to Gulf State oil oligarchs and bankers, Israeli war profiteering and blood diamond dealers (who are in bed with ZANU PF and Robert Mugabe rigging their elections,) Casino Kings like Sheldon Adelson and corporations like Mitt Romney’s Bain Capital, anyone who thinks that Zuma’s “hate the whites and grab the land”policies are a one-dimensional ANC political tool, needs to go back to school.

 

The biggest threat is that South Africans of all race groups will fall for the rhetoric and turn on each other, either becoming the white racist fear mongering of the right or the black reverse racist threats on the left..

 

In the process they will sign, seal and deliver their own destruction in a civil war handed on a plate to those who really want to take over all the land and resources.

 

In this case it is not the Yankies who are coming, it is the Arab-Gulf State–oligarchical mindset in collusion with interests in Pakistan, India, Swiss Banks banks and covert CIA and Mossad mercenary operatives who intend to colonize Africa and steal all its resources. Take the Libya, Yemen, Syria and Iraq models and extend it to the whole of the African continent.

 

Jacob Zuma is owned and controlled by the Gupta family who come from Uttar Pradesh in India and have been in the country since 1993. They are not South Africans.

 

If the ANC wants to start with land, mining and industrial “grabs” and nationalize them, he should perhaps consider starting with alien immigrants, the Gupta’s themselves. If anything this ANC policy is designed to take away ownership from indigenous born and bred middle class South Africans of all race groups, and put it into the hands not of South Africans, but in the hands of people like Gupta and their international banking associates in the Gulf States, Pakistan , India and Zürich, a similar situation to what we have seen occur in Zimbabwe with Robert Mugabe and his close ties to blood diamond dealers and international corporations.

 

Gupta’s propaganda media is not surprisingly called The New Age. And not surprisingly, like CNN, it is considered to be fake news by the South African public. However in Qatar, funders of Islamic State terrorists that have destroyed Syria, Al Jazeera English – promoters of the White Helmets, has alleged that Zuma’s close relationship with the Guptas has “translated into friendly coverage in the outlets they own,” specifically ANN7 and the New Age. Here we have a direct association between Qatar, Islamic State terrorism, the White Helmets, Gupta and in turn Jacob Zuma. Can you say “Muslim Brotherhood?”

 

South Africans may support the Palestinian cause, but under no circumstances do they, unlike Gupta and Zuma by collusion with these people, support the funding, training and arming if Islamic State terrorism by vested interest in Qatar and the UAE, or Israel supporting these same murderers on the Golan heights against the Syrian army that has fought terrorism for the last six years.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 18, 2021, 9:15 a.m. No.14388130   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Middle East Bankers Behind Jacob Zuma’s White Hate Speech And Land Grabs” (Part 3)dated July 6, 2017, at https://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/07/06/middle-east-bankers-behind-jacob-zumas-white-hate-speech-and-land-grabs/. Below are excerpts.

 

The “new age,”as most informed people know, is based on the NWO, an international, corporate, fascist model of hegemonic and monopolistic ownership by banks and corporations of all resources and property ownership, leaving the majority in a feudal system of slavery. It has no skin colour, religion or nationality, though in order to achieve its aims, it hides behind all three and sets one group against another. In South Africa’s case, promoting “white hate speech” and land grabs of private property, later to be put into the hands of Gupta and their associates in banks in the UAE , Qatar and Switzerland…. home of the Knights of Malta.

 

Connecting it all is the western fiat, debt based banking system connected to the BIS, World Bank and IMF, who in turn are controlled by the Zionist Bankers, the Vatican and the Muslim Brotherhood. The Gulf State Monarchies and the Muslim Brotherhood since the institution of the petro dollar, have been incorporated into and have major shareholdings in the western banking system, including in places like Switzerland, Germany, the city of London and the USA. The Gupta’s are the henchmen of this world-wide vampire squid. This includes any and all efforts to put a wedge between South Africa and their membership in the gold backed BRICS bank which was supposed to be in operation in Johannesburg in 2016… but has since screeched to a halt. ….?

 

Here are some more connections:

 

Zuma is connected to Gupta who is connected to Hamza Farooqui and Salim Essa who made a bid to buy Habib Overseas Bank. in South Africa, claiming to have “black interests at heart.”

 

Hamza Farooqui’s parents come from Pakistan and he was born in Swaziland. Like Gupta he is not an indigenous South African and is a recent immigrant. His father worked for Credit Suisse and then for Habib Bank for 22 years. His intentions are to give his father an active role in Habib Bank South Africa. Farooqui is a Muslim and owns an Islamic Radio station, no doubt approved by Qatar and Al Jazeera.

 

Salim Essa, has recently been implicated in diverting billions in Transnet government contracts to offshore accounts. Basically asset stripping South Africa, as Islamic State has asset stripped Syria and Aleppo in particular.

 

The Gupta brief is “State Capture,”as the state has been captured in the EU, The USA, Canada and many other countries where politicians are bought and paid for by the banks and the corporations and dictate government policy. Keeping the above in mind, consider the most recent events in South Africa concerning Zuma and Gupta. Pay special attention to the Gulf State connections, emphasis mine. From Wikipeadia:

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 18, 2021, 9:16 a.m. No.14388139   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“Middle East Bankers Behind Jacob Zuma’s White Hate Speech And Land Grabs” (Part 4)dated July 6, 2017, at https://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/07/06/middle-east-bankers-behind-jacob-zumas-white-hate-speech-and-land-grabs/. Below are excerpts.

 

The Sunday Times has reported that the Minister of Mineral Resources, Mosebenzi Zwane, and then Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, David van Rooyen (who was controversially appointed by President Zuma as Minister of Finance in December 2015) met with members of the Gupta family in Dubai. Van Rooyen allegedly met with them only a few days after his unsuccessful appointment to be Minister of Finance on the 20 December 2015. Minister Zwane assisted in the sale of a large coal mine to a Gupta owned company.

 

Former bodyguards of the Gupta family have stated that they often saw important government officials, such as Hlaudi Motsoeneng the COO of the state broadcaster the SABC, and large amounts of money in cash moving out of the Gupta’s Saxonwold estate. The bodyguards also stated that Ajay Gupta would visit President Zuma up to three times a week until 2015 at the presidential guest house in Pretoria. A spokesperson for president Zuma denies that the visits ever happened.

 

Ranjeni Munusamy of the Daily Maverick has stated the “Gupta family has effectively usurped the function of the ANC deployment committee” thereby undermining the party’s ability to independently and legitimately select senior ministers and executives in government and state owned companies.

 

In late May 2017 a number of emails were leaked to the public from the Gupta’s and their associates implicating them in efforts to appoint government ministers and heads of government owned companies in addition to coordinating activities with political figures associated with President Zuma for their own personal gain. Most notable were efforts to appoint Gupta friendly executives for Transnet, Eskom, the appointment of Mosebenzi Zwane as minister of mineral resources. The ANC Youth League and the pro-Gupta, political party Black First Land First(BLF) disputed the authenticity of the emails whilst the Communist Party of South Africa stated that the emails “look genuine.”

 

If there is a war going on in South Africa, it is not a war between South Africans, be they black or white or licorice allsorts, it is a war between South Africans of all race groups against international bankers and corporations, and in this case specifically Indian, Pakistani, Gulf State and Zürich Islamic bankers, the same banks who have had vested interests in Islamic State Muslim Brotherhood terrorism and asset stripping countries in the Middle East and North Africa.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 18, 2021, 9:18 a.m. No.14388152   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“South Africans: Rothschilds are sucking the country’s economy”dated June 20, 2019, at https://www.veteranstoday.com/2019/06/20/south-africans-rothschilds-is-sucking-the-countrys-economy/. Below are excerpts.

 

South African unions have accused the Rothschilds of capturing “the country’s State Owned Enterprises” (SOEs) and in “interfering” in “SOEs for ‘selfish and greedy purposes.’” From Russia Today:

 

“The statement alleged that the wealthy family intended to collapse South African Airways (SAA) so it could be privatized… The South African unions said that the Rothschilds were using an alleged link to SAA board member Mark Kingston, who is also the executive chair of Rothschild & Co. in South Africa and was previously its CEO.

 

“The unions want the removal of various SAA board members, including Kingston, as well as another board member who actually carries the Rothschild name – former Johannesburg Stock Exchange chairperson Geoff Rothschild.”[1]

 

Morton’s assertion is corroborated by biographer Derek Wilson, who declared that the Rothschilds were so financially and politically powerful that even royal governments and political leaders were afraid of them.[21] Their influence was so covert that Wilson moves on to say that

 

“clandestinity was and remained a feature of Rothschild political activity…Yet all the while they were helping to shape the major events of the day: by granting or withholding funds; by providing statesmen with an unofficial diplomatic service; by influencing appointments to high office; and by an almost daily intercourse with the great decision makers.”[22]

 

Ferguson himself declared:

 

“No one does more to further the revolution than the Rothschilds themselves…and, though it may sound even more strange, these Rothschilds, the bankers of kings, these princely pursestring-holders, whose existence might be placed in the gravest danger by a collapse of the European state system, nevertheless carry in their minds a consciousness of their revolutionary mission. I see in Rothschild one of the greatest revolutionaries who have founded modern democracy.”

 

In many ways, they founded “modern democracy” by destroying the old system and replacing it with Jewish mammon. “Rothschild…destroyed the predominance of land, by raising the system of state bonds to supreme power, thereby mobilizing property and some income and at the same time endowing money with the previous privileges of the land. He thereby created a new aristocracy, it is true, but this, resting as it does on the most unreliable of elements, on money, can never play as endurably regressive a role as the former aristocracy, which was rooted in the land, in the earth itself.”[24]

 

Ferguson even admitted that the Rothschilds represented “a new materialist religion,” which is none other than money. Heinrich Heine saw the same thing: “‘Money is the god of our time,’ declared Heine in March 1841, ‘and Rothschild is his prophet.’”[25]

 

Heine saw this as dangerous to the Jews. Marx saw it too.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 23, 2021, 7:08 a.m. No.14435425   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“National Shutdown update: Early morning protests flare-up in Durban”dated 23-8-2021 at https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/breaking-national-shutdown-latest-news-updates-monday-23-august/

 

Burning debris was scattered across Umgeni Road on Monday morning, amid concerns of ‘National Shutdown’ protests spreading through SA.

 

Law enforcement officials have dispersed a crowd of protesters in the City of Durban on Monday morning, after the sizeable group set fire to debris scattered across the main carriageway of Umgeni Road. The demonstration comes as South Africa braces itself for an attempted ‘National Shutdown’ on Monday.

 

NATIONAL SHUTDOWN LATEST: DURBAN PROTESTS ON MONDAY MORNING

 

The first rumblings of discontent were reported in the early hours of the morning. DA Shadow Security Minister, Dianne Kohler-Barnard, confirmed that a vehicle had been burned out – and slammed SAPS for an allegedly slow reaction:

 

“Some protesting along the usual Alpine/Umgeni roads in Durban from 03h50. A car burned. Private Security and CPFs informed the SAPS…who of course should have known this was going to happen and prevented it.”

 

UMGENI ROAD PROTESTS – A BRIEF TIMELINE

• Just after 3:00, roads were blocked and obstacles were set ablaze

• By 5:30, the situation had calmed, and law enforcement officials remained at the scene

• Just before 6:00, the ‘all clear’ was given after Umgeni Road was successfully reopened.

 

NATIONAL SHUTDOWN FEARS REMAIN PREVELANT

 

A leaked report detailing the specific plans of National Shutdown protesters for Monday had identified specific stores, roads, and areas in Phoenix, Tongaat, Durban North, and Verulam as ‘vulnerable targets’.

 

SAPS have beefed up their security operations for the week ahead, and it is also believed that national key points – such as ports and air terminals – as local authortities brace for some form of disruption.

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 23, 2021, 7:10 a.m. No.14435443   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14428637

>2:06:12 –Scott displayed a police document signed on August 19th with the title, “Threat and risk assessment: Hotspots identified for the possible shut down in the Ethekwini outer north area.”

 

See attachments

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 23, 2021, 7:16 a.m. No.14435491   🗄️.is 🔗kun

National Union of Metalworkers South Africa notice to protest “with effect from the 23rd of August 2021”

 

See attachment

Anonymous ID: c5bf12 Aug. 23, 2021, 7:22 a.m. No.14435537   🗄️.is 🔗kun

“OPERATIONAL OVERLAY: SHUT DOWN BY THE CITIZENS OF SOUTH AFRICA, 23 AUGUST 2021” – Gauteng

 

Attached is a 27 page detailed document put together by the SAPS for the Gauteng area showing orientation, high risk of looting, static deployments, etc.. Below are a few excerpts.

 

Information has been received via Social Media, that a group calling themselves “Citizens of South Africa” intend to organize a shut down in the country on Monday the 23rd of August. They intend to continue until Pres Ramaphosa is out of office.

 

• They raise issues such as:

– # Ramaphosa out

– # Untested vaccines

– # Black lives matter

– # Real ANC

– # Where’s free education

 

• The insignia of the following organisations appear on social media: ANC, SACP, ANC Youth League, Mkhonto We Siswe Military Veterans and SANCO.

• The origin of these posters is unknown.

• No intelligence is received as to what actions will form part of the Shutdown.

– It is however anticipated that it might involve mobilization of hostel and informal settlement residents.

– Information indicates the closure of all freeways and the burning of vehicles.

– It further indicates the disarming of Security forces and the release of prisoners from Correctional Services facilities.

– There is a possibility that they will embark in the damaging of infrastructure, public property and possible disruption and looting of businesses.

– The possibility of gathering at Luthuli house is also not excluded.