Trump EO is giant leap for space mining

https://www.miningnewsnorth.com/story/2020/04/17/editorial/trump-eo-is-giant-leap-for-space-mining/6249.html

On April 6, President Donald Trump issued an executive order for the United States government to work with industries on moving forward with space exploration, and the exploitation of minerals and water discovered to further that cause.

This of course has raised concerns from other nations, primarily Russia and China, who tout the Moon Treaty drawn up by the United Nations in 1979. This widely unpopular pact states that space resources are "global domain," which means they fall under the same laws as international waters as shared resources. These same countries that are touting this treaty did not sign or ratify it, and neither did the United States. In fact, no country with the current capabilities to reach space on their own have signed the Moon Treaty.

As America prepares to launch its Artemis program to send mankind back to the moon and beyond, this executive order outlines the intent of the U.S. in hopes of encouraging current industries to move forward with a clearer understanding of the laws that govern space and industry in space. This is also meant to direct how Washington D.C. will work with supporting industries clearing away some of the red tape companies have to navigate in order to accomplish contracts with the government.

With an already ambitious goal of returning mankind to the moon by 2024, this order will likely kick into gear other space capable countries to look at the mineral resources of our celestial neighbors as well. Not unlike the gold rushes of the last couple of centuries, those that stake their claim first often get the most easily accessible resources.

But don't expect to see old forty-niner prospectors with their gold pans sifting the surface of the Moon or some distant asteroid – mining of the future will be high-tech. Many methods of zero gravity mining and processing are already being perfected for use in Earth's deep seas.

And it won't just be gold they are looking for – in fact, gold will likely be of medial priority. Water will be needed to produce fuel and sustain life in space and ice, which happens to be a mineral, and will likely be among the most valuable mining resources. Rare earth elements and other scarce minerals here on Earth will also be at the top of the list. And large quantities of easily accessible metals on asteroids such as 16 Psyche will likely drive industry for decades.

While this executive order has been in the works for nearly a year, it does little more than clarify the United States' intentions and clears the path for industry to come alongside the government to make the goal of space exploration and resource development a reality.

In the Belt, asteroid16 Psycheis a nickel-iron lump worth $10,000 quadrillion dollars.

Abundance!!!

The Best Is Yet To Come and there will be more than one Mars colony.

A glimmer of hope for the Arctic … humanity

https://www.miningnewsnorth.com/story/2019/05/03/editorial/a-glimmer-of-hope-for-the-arctic-humanity/5709.html

As the publisher of a mining newspaper that covers the North, I had two objectives for the Arctic Encounter Symposium – to cover the views of where mining fits into the Arctic and make new connections outside my normal circle of influence. I left the two-day gathering in Seattle with something much more valuable – a glimmer of hope for the Arctic and humanity.

Born in the Land of the Midnight Sun and raised under the Northern Lights, I grew up believing that the Arctic (or in my case 60 miles subarctic) is a land of adventure, hope and untapped possibilities. A frontier where all the lessons mankind has learned over the millennia could be applied to shape the future at the northern reaches of human expansion.

With age, however, these visions of grandeur faded like the final wisps of the Aurora Borealis on a cold Arctic night. Not because I lost hope in the frontier spirit that is a hallmark of Arctic people – the resilience, ingenuity and intuitiveness of northerners is still on full display – but because I had become convinced that the clouds of a polarized humanity would forever obscure the dancing lights of my youth.

During my two days at Arctic Encounter, however, the clouds of discord parted to reveal the Aurora Borealis (literally, dawn of the north).

Organized by millennials that carry forward my vision of the Arctic, and attended by the Indigenous peoples that have lived in the North for thousands of years before I was born there; policymakers championing the Arctic in capitals across the North; conservationist and scientists tackling the challenges of a rapidly changing boreal region, and industrial leaders looking North to the rich natural resources bestowed there.

A recipe for conflict, this diverse group of individuals were united in an understanding that the answer to tackling the toughest Arctic challenges and making the most of the North's rich opportunities does not lie within one ideology but will ultimately be a collaborative effort of the peoples represented at this year's Arctic Encounter.

This mutual respect could even be witnessed in topics as controversial as developing the rich petroleum resources in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).

Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski has championed legislation to allow development of a subsection (1002 area) of ANWR left open for that purpose.

Dana Tizya-Tramm, chief of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation just across the border in the Yukon, on the other hand, does not want to see any development in this area that includes calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd, an important traditional resource for his people.

While these two individuals come down on opposite sides of ANWR, they are united in a vision for a better Arctic and mutual respect.

"While we disagree on that issue, we will find other areas where we must come together on because we cannot let the polarization of the issues, we cannot let the polarization of our politics consume us so that we cannot advance the policies that are so critical to where we are," Murkowski said of Chief Tizya-Tramm.

This depolarization of the issues important to the northern polar region comes at a time when humankind is looking North.

"The territories that we have all been brought up with, looked at as a remote and isolated peripheral part of the world, has become a core of the new geopolitical realities of the 21st Century," Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, president of Iceland from 1996 to 2016 and current chairman of the Arctic Circle Assembly, said.

Microbially-Enhanced Vanadium Mining and Bioremediation Under Micro- and Mars Gravity on the International Space Station

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.641387/full

As humans explore and settle in space, they will need to mine elements to support industries such as manufacturing and construction. In preparation for the establishment of permanent human settlements across the Solar System, we conducted the ESA BioRock experiment on board the International Space Station to investigate whether biological mining could be accomplished under extraterrestrial gravity conditions. We tested the hypothesis that the gravity (g) level influenced the efficacy with which biomining could be achieved from basalt, an abundant material on the Moon and Mars, by quantifying bioleaching by three different microorganisms under microgravity, simulated Mars and Earth gravitational conditions. One element of interest in mining is vanadium (V), which is added to steel to fabricate high strength, corrosion-resistant structural materials for buildings, transportation, tools and other applications. The results showed that Sphingomonas desiccabilis and Bacillus subtilis enhanced the leaching of vanadium under the three gravity conditions compared to sterile controls by 184.92 to 283.22%, respectively. Gravity did not have a significant effect on mean leaching, thus showing the potential for biomining on Solar System objects with diverse gravitational conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential to use microorganisms to conduct elemental mining and other bioindustrial processes in space locations with non-1 × g gravity. These same principles apply to extraterrestrial bioremediation and elemental recycling beyond Earth.

Introduction

Tomove permanently into space, we must be able to implement industrial processes that can support settlement, such as mining natural resources. Microorganisms are used in a variety of industrial processes on Earth (Taunton et al., 2000; Schulz et al., 2013; Druschel and Kappler, 2015; Kalev and Toor, 2018). Prominent among them is biomining (Rawlings and Silver, 1995; Johnson, 2014) in which microorganisms, and also plants, are used to enhance the release of elements such as gold and copper from rocks (Das et al., 1999; Hong and Valix, 2014).

Beyond Earth, the same processes could be applied on other planetary bodies, for example on the Moon or Mars (Cockell, 2010, 2011; Montague et al., 2012; Menezes et al., 2015; Jerez, 2017; Volger et al., 2020), allowing in situ resource utilization (ISRU). To successfully expand biomining beyond Earth, we need to gain knowledge of how altered gravity conditions, such as microgravity, lunar gravity and Martian gravity, change microbial interactions with minerals. We know that microgravity can influence growth and metabolic processes (Horneck et al., 2010; Moissl-Eichinger et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2018). The exact effects of microgravity on single cells and communities are a focus of research (Gasset et al., 1994; Kacena et al., 1999; Leys et al., 2004; Crabbé et al., 2013; Foster et al., 2014; Santomartino et al., 2020) and fractional gravity levels between microgravity and 1 × g have been shown to have differential effects on organisms such as flagellates (Häder et al., 1996) and plants (Kiss et al., 2012; Kiss, 2014). By allowing for thermal convection and sedimentation, gravity influences the mixing of microbial nutrients and waste, thereby affecting growth and metabolism of cells. Based on these considerations, we could expect that different gravity conditions would induce changes in microbial interactions with minerals and consequently bioleaching.

* * *

Vanadium Mining Can Be Microbially Enhanced in Space

Mean and standard deviations of the absolute quantities of vanadium in the chamber fluid (6 mL) were calculated. The quantity of vanadium in the medium and fixative (8.35 ± 0.05 ng, mean ± standard deviation) were subtracted (Figure 2 and Table 1). In the space station biological experiments (labeled ISS in Figure 2), across all three gravity conditions, mean values for S. desiccabilis and B. subtilis ranged from 19.84 ± 2.29 to 30.38 ± 3.90 ng (mean ± standard deviation). For C. metallidurans quantities ranged from 11.23 ± 0.96 to 13.21 ± 3.80 ng. In sterile samples on ISS, vanadium quantities ranged from 10.30 ± 2.65 to 10.84 ± 3.19 ng. In the ground experiment, the mean values of vanadium measured for the biological experiments for S. desiccabilis and B. subtilis were 22.69 ± 3.72 and 22.81 ± 2.31 ng, respectively. The value for C. metallidurans was 10.26 ± 1.85 ng. A value of 11.69 ± 8.40 ng was measured for the ground sterile control.

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The vanadium isotope composition of Mars: implications for planetary differentiation in the early solar system

https://www.geochemicalperspectivesletters.org/article2032/

he V isotope composition of martian meteorites reveals that Bulk Silicate Mars (BSM) is characterised by δ51V = −1.026 ± 0.029 ‰ (2 s.e.) and is thus ∼0.06 ‰ heavier than chondrites and ∼0.17 ‰ lighter than Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE). Based on the invariant V isotope compositions of all chondrite groups, the heavier V isotope compositions of BSE and BSM relative to chondrites are unlikely to originate from mass independent isotope effects or evaporation/condensation processes in the early Solar System. These differences are best accounted for by mass dependent fractionation during core formation. Assuming that bulk Earth and Mars both have a chondritic V isotopic compostion, mass balance considerations reveal V isotope fractionation factors Δ51Vcore-mantle as substantial as −0.6 ‰ for both planets. This suggests that V isotope systematics in terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks potentially constitutes a powerful new tracer of planetary differentiation processes across the Solar System.

Here’s how we could mine the moon for rocket fuel

The Artemis program is supposed to usher in a new age of lunar mining, especially for water ice. But how, exactly?

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/05/19/1001857/how-moon-lunar-mining-water-ice-rocket-fuel/

The moon is a treasure trove of valuable resources. Gold, platinum, and many rare earth metals await extraction to be used in next-generation electronics. Non-radioactive helium-3 could one day power nuclear fusion reactors. But there’s one resource in particular that has excited scientists, rocket engineers, space agency officials, industry entrepreneurs—virtually anyone with a vested interest in making spaceflight to distant worlds more affordable. It’s water.

Why? If you split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and then liquefy those constituents, you have rocket fuel. If you can stop at the moon’s orbit or a lunar base to refuel, you no longer need to bring all your propellant with you as you take off, making your spacecraft significantly lighter and cheaper to launch. That’s important because Earth’s atmosphere and gravitational pull necessitate use of tons of fuel per second when rockets launch. Creating a sustainable source of fuel in space could reduce the costs and hazards associated with heavy liftoffs. One NASA estimate suggests there might be 600 million metric tons of lunar ice to harvest, and other higher-end estimates say one billion metric tons is a possibility.

In other words, if you could mine it effectively, the moon would become a cost-cutting interplanetary gas station for trips to Mars and elsewhere.

Show me the money

Everyone wants a piece of the action. The European Space Agency has a loose vision to build a “moon village” that would include mining operations. China’s Chang’e 5 lunar exploration and sample return mission is thought to be a precursor investigation to understanding more about lunar water content. India’s failed lunar rover mission last August was supposed to map water ice at the lunar south pole.

The US has designs on lunar water too, of course. On May 15, NASA announced the Artemis Accords (PDF)—a proposed legal framework for mining on the moon, named after NASA’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the lunar surface in 2024. Artemis is the most important step toward establishing a permanent American presence on the moon. The tenets touch on issues that include emergency assistance services and interoperability of technology standards. But more importantly, the Artemis Accords allow the US to dictate the terms of lunar mining first, before other countries can. They also propose setting up neutral “safety zones'' between different lunar bases to prevent interference and conflict between countries and companies.

>>14118313

High ranking Illuminati witch. Her rank is shown by the necklace which has 8 baubles. Here she wears a skirt, collar and cuffs that are BLACK AND WHITE. Like the checkerboard floors of masonry and royalty, this is comms that is part of the game they play. She embraces the man in GREEN indicating that he is a plant and is in on the game.

The guy with the red flower in his buttonhole is showing that he is the CLOWN. He takes orders from the witch, and provides comic relief.

The man in green is well known for his cigars and like Grouch Marx he is a bit grouchy, a tough guy and he loves to deliver monologues.

This is how the Cabal put on a show. It's all a game to them, with people betting big money one certain events coming to pass. The players on the chess board play their roles and try to make it so.

Who is whose daddy?

TheCLOWN SHILLSlove to ask this question to distract you from the facts.

1. Cabal bloodlines are incestuous meaning it is easy to find cousins who look like each other. They can play the role of father/son, or even replace a player who has to be taken off the stage.

2. They use incest to preserve certain genetic characteristics other than superficial similarity. The Cabal bloodlines have a much higher incidence ofidentical twin birth. They almost always hide this by giving away one of the pair to another family in their bloodline to be raised separately. The bloodline matriarch will check in on the two as they grow, and make decisions about who gets the stage part, and whether or not the alternate gets to be an understudy. They cannot predict a kid's character and sometimes the spare is used as a sacrifice so that the main character can retire from the stage. In other words, when a puppet is murdered, dies in an accident, or commits suicide, it could be the alternate who dies. Like in the case of John Lennon.

http://mileswmathis.com/lennon.pdf

As for whether Justin was related to Fidel, of course. An older cousin of Margaret was a CIA agent, and the understudy twin for Fidel Castro. WHen the young Fidel got more and more violent and uncontrollable, risking the revolution that was about to unfold, the Cabal killed him. The guy that Margaret knew took over the role. In other words, a CIA agent led the Cuban Revolution and Cuba was a CIA run state.

As for Justin, there were plenty of opportunities for Fidel to slip out to a Caribbean island like Grenada or Barbados where Canada's elite often had their holidays. But we cannot tell whether or not it was Fidel who impregnated her since her Matriarch may have assigned that task to another cousin.

This is how the Phoenician Navy has been living for millenia and successfully controlling most governments most of the time.

Sinclair = Saint Clair = Holy Light or Holy Fire

The supreme god of the Phoenicians is the Sun god Melkart (Moloch-Qart) and you know how he was worshipped.