Is this two days ago?

I am a native of _____, in the United States of America. My ancestors migrated from England in the reign of Charles II.; and my grandfather was not undistinguished in the War of Independence. My family, therefore, enjoyed a somewhat high social position in right of birth; and being also opulent, they were considered disqualified for the public service. My father once ran for Congress, but was signally defeated by his tailor. After that event he interfered little in politics, and lived much in his library.

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1951/1951-h/1951-h.htm

>>14472777

Virus sequence is publicly available, as is the gene editing software CRISPR

Comparison to Computer Viruses

How many bits does it take to kill a human?

The H1N1 virus has been comprehensively disassembled (sequenced) and logged into the NCBI Influenza Virus Resource database. For example, an instance of influenza known as A/Italy/49/2009(H1N1) isolated from the nose of a 26-year old female homo sapiens returning from the USA to Italy (I love the specificity of these database records), has its entire sequence posted at the NCBI website. It’s amazing — here’s the first 120 bits of the sequence.

atgaaggcaa tactagtagt tctgctatat acatttgcaa ccgcaaatgc agacacatta

Remember, each symbol represents 2 bits of information. This is alternatively represented as an amino acid sequence, through a translation lookup table, of the following peptides:

MKAILVVLLYTFATANADTL

In this case, each symbol represents an amino acid which is the equivalent of 6 bits (3 DNA-equivalent codons per amino acid). M is methionine, K is Lysine, A is Alanine, etc. (you can find the translation table here).

For those not familiar with molecular biology, DNA is information-equivalent to RNA on a 1 to 1 mapping; DNA is like a program stored on disk, and RNA is like a program loaded into RAM. Upon loading DNA, a transcription occurs where “T” bases are replaced with “U” bases. Remember, each base pair specifies one of four possible symbols (A [T/U] G C), so a single base pair corresponds to 2 bits of information.

Proteins are the output of running an RNA program. Proteins are synthesized according to the instructions in RNA on a 3 to 1 mapping. You can think of proteins a bit like pixels in a frame buffer. A complete protein is like an image on the screen; each amino acid on a protein is like a pixel; each pixel has a depth of 6 bits (3 to 1 mapping of a medium that stores 2 bits per base pair); and each pixel has to go through a color palette (the codon translation table) to transform the raw data into a final rendered color. Unlike a computer frame buffer, different biological proteins vary in amino acid count (pixel count).

To ground this in a specific example, six bits stored as “ATG” on your hard drive (DNA) is loaded into RAM (RNA) as “AUG” (remember the T->U transcription). When the RNA program in RAM is executed, “AUG” is translated to a pixel (amino acid) of color “M”, or methionine (which is incidentally the biological “start” codon, the first instruction in every valid RNA program). As a short-hand, since DNA and RNA are 1:1 equivalent, bioinformaticists represent gene sequences in DNA format, even if the biological mechanism is in RNA format (as is the case for Influenza–more on the significance of that later!).

OK, back to the main point of this post. The particular RNA subroutine mentioned above codes for the HA gene which produces the Hemagglutinin protein: in particular, an H1 variety. This is the “H1” in the H1N1 designation.

Explanation cont'd.

https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=353

Bunny Hwang

hardware hacker etc

I haven’t been tracking the latest efforts on the part of computer virus writers, but if there was a computer analogy to this RNA-shuffling model, it would be a virus that distributes itself in the form of unlinked object code files plus a small helper program that, upon infection in a host, would first re-link its files in a random order before copying and redistributing itself. In addition to doing this, it would search for similar viruses that may already be infecting that computer, and it would on occasion link in object code with matching function templates from the other viruses. This re-arrangement and novel re-linking of the code itself would work to foil certain classes of anti-virus software that searches for virus signatures based on fixed code patterns. It would also cause a proliferation of a diverse set of viruses in the wild, with less predictable properties.

>>14472790

>>14472829

theoretically possible.

"The archangels are entirely mathematical beings. "

- Isaac the Blind

Provence, ~ 1180 AD (Gregorian)

>>14472883

Found some evidence of substrate independent virus a few year back, it wasn't a 'real' ie natural world virus, but a toy model used to demonstrate the possibility that some self replicating codes (viruses) could run on both silicon computational and biological media.

Can't find it now, and, as mentioned, it was not a real virus anyway only a demonstration that in principal such exchanges were possible.

Most people aren't yet aware that all life is information programming. This is mostly because of the utter degradation and fallen state of our civilizations information distribution system.

This fact that we live in a mathematical universe by no means "unweaves the rainbow" as John Keats feared.

Anon would say that this added understanding opens up entirely new dimensions, or realms, or reality to explore .

Dennis Bray, emeritus biology professor at Cambridge wrote a good, easy to read book on the subject that does not overstate the similarities between biological and silicon methods of information processing.

WETWARE: A Computer in every Living Cell

>Some books that deserved to be read multiple times. This is one of three books I first read a few months ago, and I just revisited them all to find that they are still as good as I remembered them. See also my reviews of Reinventing Gravity and In Search of Time.

How does a single-cell creature, such as an amoeba, lead such a sophisticated life? How does it hunt living prey, respond to lights, sounds, and smells, and display complex sequences of movements without the benefit of a nervous system? This book offers a startling and original answer. I re-read this tome a couple of weeks ago as I pen these words, yet I'm still pondering the things it taught me on a daily basis. I would strongly recommend this little scamp to anyone and everyone. This is a “must read”!!! (I know that multiple exclamation marks are the sign of a feeble brain, but I don't care!)

Wetware: A Computer in Every Living Cell is an incredibly thought-provoking book. The author, Dennis Bray, writes in a very clear, understandable, yet vivid style. Early in the book we are introduced to the amoeba. Even though this is only a single-celled creature, it can “crawl” around, hunt for food, and respond to external stimuli like lights and sounds and smells… all without muscles or a nervous system.

https://www.eetimes.com/book-review-wetware-a-computer-in-every-living-cell-by-dennis-bray/

Dennis Bray is an active emeritus professor at University of Cambridge. … After a first career in Neurobiology, working on cell growth and movement, Dennis Bray moved in Cambridge to develop computational models of cell signaling,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Bray

>>14473056

https://www.wired.com/2010/05/scientists-create-first-self-replicating-synthetic-life-2/