>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_School
The New School is a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1919 as The New School for Social Research with an original mission dedicated to academic freedom and intellectual inquiry and a home for progressive thinkers.
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From its founding in 1919 by progressive New York educators, largely former Columbia University faculty that objected to a mandatory loyalty oath, and for most of its history, the university was known as The New School for Social Research. Between 1997 and 2005 it was known as New School University. The university and each of its colleges were renamed in 2005.
The New School established the University in Exile and the École libre des hautes études in 1933 as a graduate division to serve asan academic haven for scholars escaping from Nazi Germanyamong other adversarial regimes in Europe.
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The New School uses "To the Living Spirit" as its motto.In 1937, Thomas Mann remarked that aplaque bearing the inscription "be the Living Spirit" had been torn down by the Nazisfrom a building at the University of Heidelberg. He suggested that the University in Exile adopt that inscription as itsmotto, to indicate that the 'living spirit,' mortally threatened in Europe, would have a home in this country. Alvin Johnson adopted that idea, and the motto continues to guide the division in its present-day endeavors.
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The Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science was founded in 1933 as theUniversity in Exile for scholars who had been dismissed from teaching positions by the Italian fascists or had to flee Nazi Germany.[17][24] The University in Exile was initially founded by the director of the New School, Alvin Johnson, through the financial contributions of Hiram Halle and theRockefeller Foundation.
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The New School played a similar role with thefounding of the École Libre des Hautes Études after the Nazi invasion of France. Receiving a charter from de Gaulle's Free French government in exile, theÉcole attracted refugee scholars…
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Between 1940 and 1949, The New School included the "Dramatic Workshop," a groundbreaking theater education program and predecessor of School of Drama that was founded by German emigrant theatre director Erwin Piscator. Important acting teachers during this period were Stella Adler and Elia Kazan. Among the famous students of the Dramatic Workshop wereBeatrice Arthur, Harry Belafonte, Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Ben Gazzara, Michael V. Gazzo, Rod Steiger, Elaine Stritch, Shelley Winters and Tennessee Williams.[25]
"I attended The New School for Social Research for only a year, but what a year it was.The school and New York itself had become a sanctuary for hundreds of extraordinary European Jews who had fled Germanyand other countries before and during World War II, and they were enriching the city's intellectual life with an intensity that has probably never been equaled anywhere during a comparable period of time."
— Marlon Brando, actor[26]
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Historically, The New School has been associated with leftist politics, campus activism, civic engagement, and social change.[63] It is a "Periclean University", or member Project Pericles, meaning that it teaches "education for social responsibility and participatory citizenship as an essential part of their educational programs, in the classroom, on the campus, and in the community"
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