> includes possible punishments of recouping cost of training and education
Prorated by years of service involving that training? Pay scale adjusted to private sector job equivalent, if applicable?
Say we have a Navy pilot with 10 years in. Cost of training - 10 year amount of equivalent public sector pilots - 10 year Navy pay.
IOW, the pilot worked for you for 10 years after the training. That should be adjusted to an equivalent private pilot's pay over those 10 years (since you most likely pay less), and then we can talk about who reimburses who.
The navy provides the training, with the understanding that they will pay less than the public sector for the service.