dChan - Q Origins Project Archive

Anonymous ID: 7bad48 Oct. 26, 2021, 6:20 p.m. No.14864205 🗄️.is 🔗kun >>4216

>>14864074

for u

mmm

Anonymous ID: 7bad48 Oct. 26, 2021, 6:22 p.m. No.14864221 🗄️.is 🔗kun >>4254

>>14864087

o7

>>14864164

Can you bun yourself , ty

>>14864134

Contents

1 History

2 Today

3 Types of grand juries

3.1 Federal grand juries

3.2 State grand juries

3.3 Civil grand juries

4 Legal aspects of the grand jury

4.1 Preliminary hearing

4.2 Committal procedure

5 Grand jury and society

6 Notes

7 References

8 External links

9

A grand jury is a type of jury, in the common law legal system, part of criminal procedure, which determines if there is enough evidence for a trial. Grand juries carry out this duty by examining evidence presented to them by a prosecutor and issuing indictments, or by investigating alleged crimes and issuing presentments. A grand jury is traditionally larger and distinguishable from a petit jury, which is used during the trial.

As a body of qualified individuals who hear complaints of an offense and ascertain if there is prima-facie evidence for an indictment, the grand jury offers valuable service to society. In this system, the value of a judgment by one's peers is acknowledged through recognizing the rationality and maturity of human beings and their quest to make a valuable contribution beyond themselves to their community and world.

History

A grand jury is part of the system of checks and balances, preventing a case from going to trial on a prosecutor's bare word. The grand jury, as an impartial panel of ordinary citizens, must first decide whether there exists reasonable suspicion or probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed. The grand jury can compel witnesses to testify before them. Unlike the trial itself, the grand jury's proceedings are secret; the defendant and his or her counsel are generally not present for other witnesses' testimony. The grand jury's decision is either a "true bill" (meaning that there is a case to answer) or "no true bill." Jurors typically are drawn from the same pool of citizens as a petit jury, and participate for a specific time period.

The first grand jury was held in England in 1166. The grand jury was recognized by King John in the Magna Carta in 1215, on demand of the people. Its roots stretch back as early as 997 C.E., when an Anglo-Saxon king, Ethelred the Unready, charged an investigative body of his reign that it should go about its duty by accusing no innocent person, and sheltering no guilty one.[1]

Today

Grand juries are today virtually unknown outside the United States. The United Kingdom abandoned grand juries in 1933, and instead uses a committal procedure, as do all Australian jurisdictions. In Australia, although the State of Victoria maintains provisions for a grand jury in the Crimes Act 1958 under section 354 Indictments, it has been used on rare occasions by individuals to bring other persons to court seeking them to be committed for trial on indictable offenses. New Zealand abolished the grand jury in 1961. Canada abolished it in the 1970s. Today approximately half of the states in the U.S. employ them,[2] and only twenty-two require their use, to varying extents.[3] Most jurisdictions have abolished grand juries, replacing them with the preliminary hearing at which a judge hears evidence concerning the alleged offenses and makes a decision on whether the prosecution can proceed.

Types of grand juries

Federal grand juries

Charges involving "capital or infamous crimes" under federal jurisdiction must be presented to a grand jury, under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This has been interpreted to permit bypass of the grand jury for misdemeanor offenses, which can be charged by prosecutor's information.

State grand juries

Unlike many other provisions of the Bill of Rights, the Supreme Court has ruled that this requirement does not pertain to the state courts via the Fourteenth Amendment, and states therefore may elect to not use grand juries.

Civil grand juries

California and Nevada have what are known as civil grand juries. In California, each county is required by the state constitution to have at least one grand jury empaneled at all times. Most grand juries are seated on a fiscal cycle, namely, July to June. Most counties have panels consisting of 19 jurors, some have as few as 11 jurors. All actions by a grand jury require a two-thirds vote. Jurors are usually selected on a volunteer basis.

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Grand_jury

NOTABLES are NOT ENDORSEMENTS

>>14863981 @340

#18802

>>14864011 Pediatric COVID Hospitalizations Plunge As Schools Reopen, Baffling Experts

>>14864025 Establishment Media Shut Down Secret Chat Room Coordinating Facebook ‘Whistleblower’ Document Releases

>>14864126, >>14864198 Huma

>>14864035 Corrupt Judge Amy Berman Jackson Releases Jan. 6 Protester from Pre-Trial Custody After Repudiates Donald Trump: THE REGIME IS REAL

>>14864089 Australian news Senior NSW bureaucrat told Daryl Maguire 'had the ear' of then-premier Gladys Berejiklian, ICAC hears

>>14864162 Australian news NSW Health Minister signs new law targeting anti-vaxxers as state records 304 local COVID-19 cases

>>14864107 Former Clinton Operative Charged With Securities Fraud Steve Bachar

>>14864122 78. "Who Killed Diana?" - Best and Most Rare Documentary -2005

>>14864127 In today's episode of TACAMO callsign wordsmithery… MAVIS52 is E-6B Mercury 164387 #AE0414

>>14864129 Washington State Employees Salaries Database and Dept. of Labor and Industries Employees List

>>14864139 Crowd at tonight’s #McAuliffe rally 2,500 per campaign Does This Look Like A Crowd Of 2,500?

>>14864157 Durham's 15 Grand Jury subpoenas Clinton fought to hide a reminder from last year ish

>>14864184 U.S. Army @USArmy The #USArmy unveiled the newest variant of the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter,

>>14864194 Report Reveals European Firms Have More Than $255B Entwined in Illegal Israeli Settlements

>>14864203, >>14863187 (pb) NSBA chief who penned ‘domestic terrorism’ letter named to federal post

>>14864207 [They] are losing their grip on [Info Control]. And [They] are scared. Enter: Good Information Inc. owned by George Soros, Reid Hoﬀman, Kenand Jen Duda and Incite

#18802

>>14864242

TMP

>>14864313

Was that notabled?

>>14864313Hal Turner major red flag Look him up. do not post this shit. He entrapped a lot of people in the Patcon operation.

>>14864318 NJ Gov Phil Murphy Repeatedly REFUSES COMMENT When Questioned About Vax Mandates AFTER Re-Election

>>14864341

>>14864325 Prince Andrew must submit to interview in sex abuse suit by July

>>14864330 PURE BLOODED (The UnVaxxed Anthem)

>>14864339

>Maskless Biden Spits on Woman at McAuliffe Rally CDC designates Ukraine as 'very high' COVID-19 travel risk

>>14864368 FAKE NEWS pushes the Business lobby to call for administration to 'pump the brakes' on vaccine mandate