(Please read from the start)
Evidence # 6: Phoenician coinage.
Coins are considered as a late date invention. The first king to strike coins is attributed to king Croesus of Lydia whom reigned from 560-546 B.C. He used electrum, a natural mixture of gold and silver to strike his coins; some had as a standard design a feline attacking a bull, while the reverse of the coins had 2 incuse squares on it. From there on, the usage of coins spread and it was adopted by all the ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean basin.
Ancient coins, in general, are amazing. They are like a miniature photographic catalogue which enables us to see how the rulers looked, back then. We also get to see what they wore, including jewelry, hair style, we see buildings, animals, flora, different types of objects….and of course deities. We also have as a bonus some inscriptions on them which project a lot of how they used to think back then and what they preferred and what was their set of beliefs. Also the “quality” of the coin, from the metal alloy, percentage, purity and the quality of the design indicate the financial state the authority emitting them was in = as in if it was facing money problems or if it is in opulence. The coins are like a little window allowing us to take a look at the civilizations where the coin was struck.This includes the Phoenicians.
We have some very nice coins from the Phoenician City-States. The designs on them vary a lot from one city-state to another and from one era to another. We have some with a 100% Phoenician design and inscription on them. Others have Greek, Persian or Ancient Egyptian influence in them which is clearly visible and easily recognizable. While others are a cocktail of all the above. During Hellenistic and then Roman times, the Phoenicians kept on striking coins but the design was of the era they lived in as in either Hellenistic or Roman = no more Phoenician designs or influence of the older cultures is depicted on the coins.
For anons interested in such studies, the British Museum has a very nice collection of Phoenician coinage from all eras. B.M.C. is the abbreviation used for the British Museum Catalogue. And you can find the catalogues online. Here is link for those whom are interested: https://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/phoenicia/sidon/i.html
Josette Elayi is among the few brave out there to have DARED to study the Phoenician coinage and try to put the rulers in sequence = creating dynasty lists of Phoenician kings. She is logical and methodical in her work. But because there are HUGE gaps in the Phoenician coinage, history and lack of supporting artifacts, she stumbbles a bit from time to time and she has gaps too. This is not because she is not a capable lady or her work is back, but it’s because she had nothing to work on. She wrote many books, with good information and good pictures of the coins. This brave lady, dared to do what others didn’t = try to establish a Phoenician king list relying on the coins from the City-States; as in relying on tangible artifact to establish a Phoenician king list and not rely on what is written in the Bible. A type of study which was forbidden to undertake by the mafia in Archaeology. Her work is a good start but it needs to be worked further, by younger generation and combine it with future findings. Anons can rely on her, she is a good base despite the gaps and some stuff she is uncertain of. She is a good starting point.
I’m going to talk about some of the Phoenicia coins which got my attention. They will be from many eras and will be from different designs. Anons will see the influence very clearly on the designs. I’m also going to put some samples = pictures, so that anons would have a visual.
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