This has been discussed here in the past.
Seems like a good time to bring it up again.
CRISPR
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This article is about the prokaryotic antiviral system. For the use in editing genes, see CRISPR gene editing.
Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense)
4QYZ.png
CRISPR Cascade protein (cyan) bound to CRISPR RNA (green) and phage DNA (red)[1]
Identifiers
Organism Escherichia coli
Symbol CRISPR
PDB 4QYZ
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History and regulation
History
Regulation Substantial equivalenceCartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Process
TechniquesMolecular cloning Recombinant DNAGene delivery TransformationTransfectionTransductionGenome editing TALENCRISPR
Applications
Genetically modified crops foodGene therapyDesigner baby
Controversies
Genetically modified food controversiesGMO conspiracy theoriesPusztai affairSéralini affairStarLink corn recallHe Jiankui affair
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CRISPR (/ˈkrɪspər/) (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea.[2] These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of acquired immunity.[2][3][4][5] CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.[6]
Diagram of the CRISPR prokaryotic antiviral defense mechanism[7]
Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms.[8][9] This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnological products, and treatment of diseases.[10][11] The development of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 which was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna.[12][13]
sauce: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR