CERN and Covid [graphene oxide]?
…Not every proton will collide with another proton. Even with a machine as advanced as the LHC, it's impossible to direct beams of particles as small as protons so that every particle will collide with another one. Protons that fail to collide will continue in the beam to a beam dumping section.There, a section made of graphite will absorb the beam.The beam dumping sections are able to absorb beams if something goes wrong inside the LHC. To learn more about the mechanics behind particle accelerators, take a look at How Atom Smashers Work.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/large-hadron-collider.htm
Then there's ALICE, which stands for A Large Ion Collider Experiment. Engineers designed ALICE to study collisions between ions of iron. By colliding iron ions at high energy, scientists hope to recreate conditions similar to those just after the big bang. They expect to see the ions break apart into a quark and gluon mixture. A main component of ALICE is the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which will examine and reconstruct particle trajectories. Like the ATLAS and CMS detectors, ALICE also has a muon spectrometer.
different but similar…
Due to graphite’s planar structure, its thermal, acoustic and electronic properties are highly anisotropic, meaning that phonons travel much more easily along the planes than they do when attempting to travel through the planes. Graphene, on the other hand, being a single layer of atoms and having very high electron mobility, offers fantastic levels of electronic conduction due to the occurrence of a free pi (π) electron for each carbon atom….
Graphene and CERN
CERN and Paragraf – a technology company borne out of the department of materials science at the University of Cambridge – are set to detail final results of tests conducted on a novel graphene-based local magnetic measurement sensor. The collaboration has proved that such a sensor eliminates some of the systematic errors and inaccuracies found in the state-of-the-art sensors used at CERN.
The Hall probe is an important tool for local magnetic field mapping – an essential task in particle accelerators, which depend on high-precision magnetic fields. The probe transduces the magnetic field into a proportional voltage. However, errors frequently arise due to elements of the sensor not being perfectly aligned and sensitive to in-plane field components (planar effect), as well as non-linear response.
Theoretically, graphene solves this issue. This carbon allotrope, first discovered at the University of Manchester in 2004, has been hailed as the new wonder material, as its extreme thinness, lightness, conductivity and resistance could revolutionize a variety of technologies. In the case of the Hall probe, the development of a two-dimensional graphene sensor clears the issue of planar effects and makes for precise detections, including at liquid-helium temperatures…
https://home.cern/news/news/engineering/graphenes-potential-improve-magnetic-measurements-accelerators