RFfag here. Regarding 5G-

If these transmitters are being used for weather, there will be footprints.

-It's likely that high power would be needed, so perhaps outages of 5G dependent services/features.

-A discreet frequency transmission would show up as an obvious spike on a spectrum analyzer that is monitoring the 2.4GHz band. There are certainly entities out there who do so.

-If spread spectrum is somehow being utilized there will not be a spike, but the noise floor would increase. Again, there are likely entities who monitor and record this data.

Back in the day there were a lot of eyes on this part of the spectrum as it was a popular frequency for line of sight microwave communications. The FCC pulled licenses to re-allot the band to spread spectrum technologies.

In layman's terms, spread spectrum technology sends data over a bunch of frequencies nearly simultaneously, versus a single "carrier" freq.

Kinda like the difference between a shotgun blast and a single bullet.