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Former NATO Commander: ‘Is the West Going to Tolerate Russia Doing This to Ukraine?’
Retired Gen. Philip Breedlove on NATO’s response, calls for a no-fly zone, and Putin’s state of mind.
By Amy Mackinnon, a national security and intelligence reporter at Foreign Policy.
Murat/DAP/AFP/Getty Images
February 27, 2022, 6:04 PM
As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine got underway late last week, NATO activated its multinational response force for the first time in the military alliance’s nearly 73-year history on Friday. While no U.S. or NATO troops will be sent to Ukraine, which is not a member nation, the force has been put on standby as a deterrence and defensive measure as tens of thousands of Russian troops have surged into the country, which borders four NATO member states.
Foreign Policy spoke with retired four-star U.S. Air Force Gen. Philip Breedlove, who led U.S. forces in Europe and served as NATO’s supreme allied commander from 2013 to 2016, to get his thoughts on NATO’s response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the challenge of imposing a no-fly zone over the country, and Russian President Vladimir Putin’s state of mind.
This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
Foreign Policy: What is your reaction to the news that Putin has put his nuclear forces at elevated readiness?
Philip Breedlove: Well, first of all, I’m not surprised. If you do the homework and do a simple Google search and look at what Putin has talked about in the not-too-distant past and what [Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Valery] Gerasimov talks about and writes about, what they say often is that the nuclear weapon is a logical extension of the conventional battlefield. Whereas in the West, we distinctly divide the use of nuclear weapons away from a conventional fight. Putin distinctly connects it to a conventional fight, and he’s been very vociferous in the past about, “If you foment color revolutions in Russia, I’ll use nukes.” He’s very afraid of our conventional prompt strike capability, he says. “If you try to decapitate me, my command and control from my forces, our nuclear forces, I will use nukes.” And he has more than once intimated that if he is losing, he will use nukes. So this is something that Putin often writes and talks about.
FP: How alarmed are you at this decision?
PB: I don’t want to say I’m alarmed because as I said, I expected this. His forces have disappointed him. His advisors and commanders, I think, promised him a quick win. And the Ukrainians are fighting very hard, and they didn’t get the quick win. And now, Putin sees things that he didn’t want to have happened. NATO’s becoming more coalesced and stronger in the last 24 hours. Strong statements out of Germany and out of France and other things. All the things he didn’t want to have happened are now happening because of this absolutely ludicrous story of what he’s doing in Ukraine.
FP: What’s your assessment of the immediate threat that Russia poses to NATO’s members? The alliance has put its response forces on alert for the very first time in its history. How well positioned is NATO to respond in the event that this conflict spills over, either intentionally or unintentionally, into a member state?
PB: I’m so proud of NATO for having taken this step. I’m so proud of NATO for beginning to arrange themselves to be able to address Russia, should it do the unthinkable and spill over into a NATO nation. And now I speak only for myself, not my government and others, but I wish they had done this earlier. Several NATO nations got out in front of this: giving airplanes, air policing, getting ships to some of the NATO naval forces, and the United States contributing soldiers and things. But I would have liked to have seen NATO earlier in this process alerting portions of at least the very high readiness joint task force. But I think it’s magnificent, and it’s a show of unity that I don’t think Putin expected. Ergo, we see him now pulling out bigger threats.
FP: For many years, Russia experts characterized Putin as a calculated risk-taker, opportunistic but rational. I’ve seen a lot of people start to question that now. What is your sense about Putin’s state of mind, based on what we’ve seen over this past week?
https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/27/breedlove-nato-commander-russia-ukraine-war/