dChan - Q Origins Project Archive

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muh diversity

https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/10/1/giaa159/6079618

Genome diversity in Ukraine

Taras K Oleksyk, Walter W Wolfsberger, Alexandra M Weber, Khrystyna Shchubelka, Olga T Oleksyk, Olga Levchuk, Alla Patrus, Nelya Lazar, Stephanie O Castro-Marquez, Yaroslava Hasynets, Patricia Boldyzhar, Mikhailo Neymet, Alina Urbanovych, Viktoriya Stakhovska, Kateryna Malyar, Svitlana Chervyakova, Olena Podoroha, Natalia Kovalchuk, Juan L Rodriguez-Flores, Weichen Zhou, Sarah Medley, Fabia Battistuzzi, Ryan Liu, Yong Hou, Siru Chen, Huanming Yang, Meredith Yeager, Michael Dean, Ryan E Mills, Volodymyr Smolanka

Author Notes

GigaScience, Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021, giaa159, https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa159

Published:

13 January 2021

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Abstract

Background

The main goal of this collaborative effort is to provide genome-wide data for the previously underrepresented population in Eastern Europe', and to provide cross-validation of the data from genome sequences and genotypes of the same individuals acquired by different technologies. We collected 97 genome-grade DNA samples from consented individuals representing major regions of Ukraine that were consented for public data release. BGISEQ-500 sequence data and genotypes by an Illumina GWAS chip were cross-validated on multiple samples and additionally referenced to 1 sample that has been resequenced by Illumina NovaSeq6000 S4 at high coverage.

Results

The genome data have been searched for genomic variation represented in this population, and a number of variants have been reported: large structural variants, indels, copy number variations, single-nucletide polymorphisms, and microsatellites. To our knowledge, this study provides the largest to-date survey of genetic variation in Ukraine, creating a public reference resource aiming to provide data for medical research in a large understudied population.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the genetic diversity of the Ukrainian population is uniquely shaped by evolutionary and demographic forces and cannot be ignored in future genetic and biomedical studies. These data will contribute a wealth of new information bringing forth a wealth of novel, endemic and medically related alleles.

>>15852426

Data Description

Context

Ukraine is the largest country located fully in Europe, with a population that was formed as a result of several millennia of migration and admixture. It occupies the intersection between the westernmost reach of the great steppe and the easternmost extent of the great forests that spread across Europe, at the crossroads of the great trade routes from “Variangians to the Greeks” along the river Dnipro, which the ancient Greeks referred to as Borysthenes, and the Silk Road linking civilizations of Europe and Asia [1]. This land has seen the great human migrations of the Middle Ages sweeping from across the great plains, and even before that in the more distant past, of the early farmers [2] and the nomads who first domesticated the horse [3–6]. Here, at the dawn of the modern human expansion, our ancestors met the Neanderthals who used to hunt the great game along the glacier of the Ice Age [7, 8].

The rich history shaped genetic diversity in the population living in the country of Ukraine today. As people have moved and settled across this land, they have contributed unique genetic variation that varies across the country. While the ethnic Ukrainians constitute approximately more than three-quarters of the total population, this majority is not uniform. A large Russian minority compose approximately one-fifth of the total population, with higher concentration in the southeast of the country. Smaller minority groups are historically present in different parts of the country: Belarusians, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Gagauz, Hungarians, Jews, Moldovans, Poles, Romanians, Roma (Gypsies), and others [9].

This study offers genome data from 97 individuals from Ukraine (Ukrainians from Ukraine [UAU]) to the scientific community to help fill the gaps in the current knowledge about genomic variation in Eastern Europe, a part of the world that has been largely and consistently overlooked in global genomic surveys [10]. To our knowledge, this was the first effort to describe and evaluate the genome-wide diversity in Ukraine. Samples were successfully sequenced using BGI's DNA Nanoball (DNBSEQ™) sequencing technology and cross-validated by Illumina sequencing and genotyping. The major objectives of this study were to demonstrate the importance of studying local variation in the region and to demonstrate the distinct and unique genetic components of this population. Of particular interest were themedically related variants, especially those with allele frequenciesthat differed with the neighboring populations. As a result, we present and describe an annotated dataset of genome-wide variation in genomes of healthy adults sampled across the country.

Competing Interests

Y.L. and H.Y. are employed by BGI, which owns DNBSEQ™ technology; Olga Levchuk, Alla Patrus, and Nelya Lazar represent AstraDIA (Ukraine), which collected and extracted DNA samples. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This research was funded in part by internal funding from BGI (China), Uzhhorod National University (Ukraine), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (USA), and the startup fund of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan.

>>15852426

>>15852474

>>15852238

>Can anyone sauce this screencap?

>True if big

this looks like an older study.

Ann Hum Genet

. 2001 Jan;65(Pt 1):63-78.

doi: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510063.x.

Mitochondrial DNA variability in Russians and Ukrainians: implication to the origin of the Eastern Slavs

B A Malyarchuk 1 , M V Derenko

Affiliations

PMID: 11415523 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510063.x

Free article

Abstract

In order to investigate the origin of the Eastern Slavs, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation was examined in Russians and Ukrainians by hypervariable segment I (HVS I) sequencing and restriction analysis of the haplogroup-specific sites. No significant differences were found for Russians and Ukrainians when compared to other Europeans - in fact, they fall within the range of gene diversity seen throughout Europe and exhibit the unimodal pattern of pairwise sequence differences. Moreover, HVS I sequences in the Russians and Ukrainians are similar or identical to those found in eastern and western European populations. Despite the small genetic distances between Europeans, phylogenetic analysis reveals a considerable heterogeneity of Eastern Slavonic populations - they do not cluster together onto a phylogenetic tree. Analysis of distribution of rare HVS I types shared between populations of Eastern Slavs and other West Eurasians has shown that Russians share rare haplotypes mainly with Germans and Finno-Ugric populations. Of these, subhaplogroup H1 sequence types, which are defined by different combinations of nucleotides 16192T, 16294T, 16304C, 16311C and 16320T, are found predominantly in common between Russians and German-speaking populations. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the Slavonic migrations in early Middle Ages from their putative homeland in central Europe to the east of Europe were accompanied mostly by the same mtDNA types characteristic for the pre-Slavonic populations of eastern Europe.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11415523/

Anonymous ID: 893d0c March 12, 2022, 9:39 p.m. No.15852596 🗄️.is 🔗kun >>2689 >>2853

>>15852511

oh look,

A Ukrainian Bat nigger moving shit to his house. Ruskies need to head to scientist houses.

Maybe they could raze Hahvahd

Wonder if this faggot knows the chink Bat Lady.

‘You can’t get back specimens’: Ukrainian scientists rush to save irreplaceable collections

Researchers hide ancient weapons and bat skulls, and upload massive sets of data to international servers

9 Mar 20225:20 PMByAndrew Curry

On the morning of 24 February, conservation biologist Anton Vlaschenko awoke to the sound of shelling outside his apartment in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The first thing he did was eat a big breakfast. Then, he headed straight to the Ukrainian Bat Rehabilitation Center; the bat rescue and research facility is the largest of its kind in Eastern Europe. “I didn’t know if we would return home, or what would happen next,” he says. “But I understood the war had begun, and we needed to do something.”

Worried that the city’s power would be cut, Vlaschenko spent the next 24 hours transferring hundreds of rescued bats hibernating in the center’s refrigerators to special cages for release. As the winged mammals flew into the frigid night to look for new spots to spend the remaining winter, Vlaschenko heard gunfire in the streets: the first Russian troops to enter the city outskirts were clashing with the Ukrainian army.

Next, Vlaschenko moved the center’s collection of more than 2000 Nyctalus noctula bat skulls—each carefully padded with shredded newspaper and labeled and stored in a numbered matchbox—to his apartment, an hour’s walk away. More than a week later, the skulls are still there, wrapped in plastic shopping bags by the door in case they need to be moved again in a hurry. He also brought home rescued bats too sick to release.

“We had a huge explosion close to my home 2 days ago,” Vlaschenko said in a call this week from his apartment, the peeps of bats audible in the background. “You never know what moment you could be hit.”

As war rages, Vlaschenko and researchers across Ukraine are scrambling to protect, hide, or evacuate irreplaceable specimens, collections, and data. One group is uploading 3D scans of fossils to colleagues abroad, and a loosely organized international effort has sprung up to save digital data from Ukrainian scientific and cultural collections to servers outside the country.

As Ukraine’s internet infrastructure comes under increasing pressure, “we’re focusing on grabbing as much as we can,” Majstorovic says. “The real threat is servers in Ukraine might get destroyed or just disconnected.” So far, over 5 terabytes of data have been stored on servers outside the country, and more files have been saved to the Internet Archive. Other institutions, including the German Archaeological Institute and theUkrainian Research Institute at Harvard University, which focuses on the country’s culture and history, are providing secure storage for individual researchers in Ukraine to upload data and research materials.

Back in Kharkiv, Vlaschenko’s bat center has lost just a few windowsso far, and its power is still on. Vlaschenko makes regular “raids” on foot through the embattled city to check on the lab’sseven freezers full of bat carcasses, which represent another irreplaceable specimen collection for immunology, parasitology, and climate research. The center’s veterinarian and a few volunteers have stayed in the city to feed and care for bats too sick to release.

The collections represent decades of work—and the hope that Ukrainian science can recover after the war. Vlaschenko says the bat skulls in his apartment could hold clues to recent evolution in N. noctula: The bats around Kharkiv have shifted their migratory patterns since the late 1990s, he says, becoming sedentary rather than migrating long distances, and the skulls could hold clues to how city life changed them. “One day, maybe we can see how bats adapt to urbanization from changes in their skulls over time,”—but only if the skulls survive the war.

“When something like this happens the specimens that survive are crazy important for future research,” Vlaschenko says. “You can buy new equipment or build new buildings, but you can’t get back individual specimens.”

https://www.science.org/content/article/you-can-t-get-back-specimens-ukrainian-scientists-rush-save-irreplaceable-collections