''The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, was an air raid on 18 April 1942 by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu during World War II. ''
It was the first air operation to strike the Japanese archipelago. Although the raid caused comparatively minor damage it demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attacks. It served as retaliation for the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned by, led by, and named after Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle (later a Lieutenant General in the US Army Air Forces and the US Air Force Reserve).
Under the final plan, 16 B-25B Mitchell medium bombers, each with a crew of five, were launched from the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Hornet, in the Pacific Ocean, off Japan. There was to be no fighter escort. After bombing military and industrial targets in Japan, the B-25 crews were to continue westward to land in China.
The raid on Japan killed about 50 people and injured 400, including civilians. Damage to Japanese military and industrial targets was minimal but the raid had major psychological effects. In the United States, it raised morale; in Japan, it raised fear and doubt about the ability of military leaders to defend the home islands, but the bombing and strafing of civilians also steeled Japanese resolve to gain retribution, and this was exploited for propaganda purposes.[4] It also pushed forward Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's plans to attack Midway Island in the Central Pacific, an attack that turned into a decisive defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) by the US Navy in the Battle of Midway. The consequences were most severely felt in China, where Japanese reprisals caused the deaths of 250,000 civilians and 70,000 soldiers.
https://youtu.be/tIOhqY7W51I
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Of the 16 USAAF crews involved, 14 complete crews of five returned to the United States or to US forces elsewhere, except for one who was killed in action.[5][6] Eight aviators were captured by Japanese forces in Eastern China and three of these were later executed. All but one of the B-25s were destroyed in crashes, while the 16th landed at Vladivostok, in the Soviet Union. Because the Soviet Union was not officially at war with Japan, it was required, under international law, to intern the bomber's crew for the duration of the war, and their B-25 was confiscated. However, within a year, the crew was secretly allowed to leave the Soviet Union, under the guise of an escape, and they returned to the United States, or US units elsewhere, by way of Allied-occupied Iran and North Africa.
Doolittle initially believed that the loss of all his aircraft would lead to his court-martial, but he instead received the Medal of Honor and was promoted two ranks to brigadier general.
When planning indicated that the B-25 was the aircraft that best met all of the requirements of the mission, two were loaded aboard the aircraft carrier USS Hornet at Norfolk, Virginia, and were flown off the deck without difficulty on 3 February 1942. The raid was immediately approved and the 17th Bombardment Group (Medium) was chosen to provide the pool of crews from which volunteers would be recruited. The 17th BG had been the first group to receive B-25s, with all four of its squadrons equipped with the bomber by September 1941. The 17th not only was the first medium bomb group of the Army Air Corps, but in early 1942, also had the most experienced B-25 crews. Its first assignment following the entry of the United States into the war was to the U.S. Eighth Air Force.
The 17th BG, then flying antisubmarine patrols from Pendleton, Oregon, was immediately moved cross-country to Columbia Army Air Base at West Columbia, South Carolina, ostensibly to fly similar patrols off the East Coast of the United States, but in actuality to prepare for the mission against Japan. The group officially transferred effective 9 February 1942 to Columbia, where its combat crews were offered the opportunity to volunteer for an "extremely hazardous", but unspecified mission. On 19 February, the group was detached from the Eighth Air Force and officially assigned to III Bomber Command.
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https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-15
Melissa Hodgman Named Acting Director of Division of Enforcement
sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-15
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
2021-15
Washington D.C., Jan. 22, 2021 —
The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced Melissa R. Hodgman, currently an Associate Director in the Commission's Division of Enforcement, has been named Acting Director of the Division of Enforcement.
"Melissa's dedication to investor protection, broad experience in the Division, and proven track record of collaboration and creative problem solving make her ideally suited to this role," said SEC Acting Chair Allison Herren Lee. "As Associate Director, Melissa has overseen a wide range of complex and programmatically important matters, and has been a leading voice in the Division on critical issues of diversity, hiring, and labor-management relations. She is highly respected by her colleagues in the Division and across the agency for her intellect and dedication."
"It has been my honor to serve with the incredibly talented staff across the Division of Enforcement for over a decade," said Ms. Hodgman. "I am constantly inspired by the dedication of my colleagues in the Division and across the Commission, especially with the challenges of the last year. I look forward to continuing my work with them in the role of Acting Director and supporting the Commission's mission of protecting investors and market integrity through the aggressive pursuit of all forms of fraud and misconduct in our markets."
Ms. Hodgman has been Associate Director in the Home Office since October 2016. She has investigated and led teams pursuing and litigating numerous enforcement actions covering the spectrum of securities law violations, including matters related to financial fraud and disclosure; broker-dealers, investment advisers, and gatekeepers; offering frauds, market structure, and manipulation; and cross-border and FCPA violations. The notable cases to which Ms. Hodgman has contributed include:
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Successful litigation against two Ukraine-based traders, Nathan Fayyek and Sergey Pustelnik, who, along with their trading firm, were found liable for a multi-pronged manipulative trading scheme, and against Lek Securities, the U.S. based broker-dealer the Commission alleged helped to facilitate their trading, and its principal, Samuel Lek, who settled just prior to trial.
A $50 million settlement with Big 4 accounting firm KPMG to settle charges relating to the firm’s receipt and use of PCAOB inspection information as well as misconduct related to internal training exams. In addition to the settlement with the firm, the Commission charged eight KPMG officials for their roles.
Actions against Nissan Corporation and its former CEO Carlos Ghosn and director Greg Kelly in connection with a scheme to conceal from public disclosure tens of millions of dollars of expected compensation for Ghosn. Nissan agreed to pay a $15 million civil penalty, and Ghosn and Kelly were barred from acting as officers or directors of public companies, in addition to paying significant civil penalties.
Enforcement actions against several individuals and entities responsible for the Fyre Festival including Fyre Festival CEO William Z. (Billy) McFarland, who admitted to his role in a fraudulent scheme that raised more than $27 million from over 100 investors.
Investigation of the Schwab YieldPlus Fund for misconduct related to the 2008 financial crisis that resulted in a $118 million settlement with broker dealer Charles Schwab & Co, and related entities where the SEC found that the YieldPlus Fund misstated the risk associated with its portfolio. The Commission also brought litigated charges against two senior executives.
Ms. Hodgman has also played key roles in numerous Commission initiatives, including the creation and leadership of the Division's Covid-19 Steering Committee and overseeing the Division's Financial Reporting and Audit Group. She has been a leader in the Division's diversity and inclusion work during her career, including as the head of the Division's Hiring Committee, Executive Sponsor of the agency's Women’s Committee, and as a member of the Division's Labor and Management Forum at both the local and national levels.
Ms. Hodgman began working in the Enforcement Division in 2008 as a staff attorney. She joined the Market Abuse Unit in 2010 and was promoted to Assistant Director in 2012. She received the Ellen B. Ross Award, the 2010 SEC Chairman's Award, the 2017 Arthur F. Mathews Award, and the 2020 Chairman's Award for Excellence with the SEC's Employee Affinity Groups, as well as a number of Division Director Awards.
Ms. Hodgman earned her Master of Laws with distinction in securities and financial regulation in 2007 from Georgetown University Law Center, her law degree with high honors from Georgetown University Law Center in 1994, and her Bachelor of Science degree from Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in 1990. Before joining the SEC staff, she worked as an associate at Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy in Washington, D.C.
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Melissa Hodgman
Peter Strzok's wife
Melissa R. Hodgman is the Associate Director and Senior Advisor in the Division of Enforcement at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Melissa R. Hodgman - Practising Law Institutehttps://www.pli.edu › faculty › melissa-r.-hodgman-30863
Born: February 12, 1968 (age 54 years), Pennsylvania
Spouse: Peter Strzok (m. 1994)
>don't try to read too much into things
https://www.complianceweek.com/secs-melissa-hodgman-named-associate-director-in-enforcement/10271.article
SEC's Melissa Hodgman Named Associate Director in Enforcement
complianceweek.com/secs-melissa-hodgman-named-associate-director-in-enforcement/10271.article
By Quest
On Friday, the SEC filled a key senior position in the Division of Enforcement, naming Melissa Hodgman as Associate Director. Hodgman fills the position left vacant when Stephen L. Cohen departed the agency in June 2016. Hodgman has been with the SEC in its Enforcement Division since 2008, most recently as an Assistant Director. She has also served as a member of the agency's Market Abuse Unit since 2010, and leads the Enforcement Division’s Cross-Border Working Group
In her new position of Associate Director, Hodgman will supervise nearly 60 attorneys and other professionals responsible for investigating and pursuing enforcement matters including accounting and disclosure fraud, insider trading, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, registered and unregistered securities offerings, market abuses, broker-dealers, and investment advisers. Andrew J. Ceresney, Director of the SEC’s Enforcement Division, said that Hodgman had "distinguished herself with her excellent judgment and creativity, and I am pleased to have her join the senior ranks of the Enforcement Division."
During her career with the SEC, Hodgman has led several noteworthy cases, including the June 2016 case against Albert Fried & Company. This was the SEC's first-ever case against a brokerage firm solely for failing to file SARs when appropriate. Hodgman also led the SEC's case against Charles Schwab Investment Management, Charles Schwab & Co., and two executives alleging misleading statements regarding the Schwab YieldPlus Fund and failing to establish, maintain and enforce policies and procedures to prevent the misuse of material, nonpublic information.