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18 APRIL 1943 - JAPANESE ADMIRAL YAMAMOTO KILLED BY ARMY AIR FORCES #WWII
U.S. Army Air Forces P-38 pilot 1Lt Rex T. Barber, among others, intercepts and shoots down the flight of Imperial Japanese Navy Adm Yamamoto, who dies in the attack.
Operation VENGEANCE was launched during the Solomon Islands Campaign in the Pacific Theater to kill Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy. After US Naval intelligence learned that Yamamoto - who had planned the attack on Pearl Harbor - and his staff would be conducting an inspection tour of Japanese forces in the Solomons, U.S. commanders planned to ambush his flight of two bombers and their six escorting fighters over the island of Bougainville.
The only available aircraft with sufficient range and firepower based on Guadalcanal were P-38G fighters of the US Army Air Forces' 339th Fighter Squadron, 347th Fighter Group, commanded by Major John W. Mitchell.
Eighteen P-38 fighters were assigned. With one flight of four designated as the "killer" team, the rest - including spares - were assigned to fly "top cover" to engage the Japanese escorts, the P-38s took off at 0745. Arriving at the designated area at 0934, just one minute ahead of Yamamoto's flight, the fighters jettisoned their external fuel tanks.
Mitchell ordered Capt. Thomas G. Lanphier, Jr. and the "killer" flight to attack and engage the two Mitsubishi G4M1 "Betty" bomber as they began their descent to land, while the rest of the U.S. fighters rose to meet the six escorting Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" fighters. 1LT Rex T. Barber engaged one bomber.
After hitting it in the fuselage, tail and starboard engine, it rolled over and crashed into the jungle below. While the killer team was fighting a melee with some of the Zero escorts Barber then attacked the already-crippled second bomber, which was hit and flying low near the water, and finished it off as well.
Running low on fuel, the U.S. fighters broke off the engagement, and headed for base. One of the P-38s had been shot down, one had to land in the Russell Islands before running out of fuel, while the rest arrived safely at Guadalcanal.
The Americans later learned that all on board the first bomber, including Yamamoto and some of his staff, died in the crash on the island, and that his chief of staff, Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki, and two others survived the crash of the other Betty and were rescued. Although Barber and another pilot claimed to have each shot down a Zero, neither was confirmed, while the Japanese reported none of their fighters were lost.
The United States forces had exacted some revenge for Pearl Harbor by killing its mastermind, but more importantly, Yamamoto's loss was a severe blow to Japanese morale.
#Armyhistory #USArmy #TRADOC Secretary of the Army U.S. Army U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) United States Air Force
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