“STABILISING FRAGILE STATES; The Tswalu Protocol Revisited” - 2011
https://www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/downloads/2011-01-tswalu-paper-brenthurst-paper-.pdf
Below are excerpts
II. AIM
With this in mind, in mid-January 2011 the Johannesburg-based Brenthurst Foundation hosted a three day-long international meeting of leading political and military officials with current first-hand experience of stability operations in fragile states to consider what could be learned from recent successes and failures. This Tswalu Dialogue, entitled ‘The Future of Stability Operations’, was held in partnership with the Rand Corporation and the British Peace Support Team (South Africa) at the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve in South Africa. (A full list of participants is contained in the Annexure.)
The Dialogue used as one of its starting points the Tswalu Protocol1 (published in 2008), a set of principles, guidelines and choices derived from the experience of heads of state, governments, non-governmental organisations, military professionals, and academics who have been at the epicentre of peace support missions. One of the aims of the 2011 Dialogue was to assess and if necessary refine or devise new recommendations from the Protocol in order to better prepare nations, institutions and people for stabilising fragile states.
V. WAY FORWARD
There is a body of expert opinion that argues that stability operations of the kind currently being conducted in Afghanistan are unlikely to be repeated; that is, states will be much more reticent to take on complex, long-term operations of uncertain duration and cost in the future.
Yet given that no one can safely predict what impact climate change or the youth population explosion in Africa and the developing world – to take just two prominent ‘unknowns’ – will have on global security, it would be prudent to prepare ourselves for a future where the international community will be called upon to prepare for more rather than less stability operations. To help us think in generational terms and ensure that the lessons from stabilisation are inculcated and applied, requires not only re-examination of the syllabi of existing peace-support institutions but also perhaps the creation of an all-new ‘Stabilisation Academy’.
Stabilisation requires, at its heart, understanding local norms, mores and operating systems, how external actions might strengthen or weaken, for example, local solutions and actors. More than that, knowledge and the much cheaper business of prevention go hand-in-hand. And this requires fundamentally a long-term investment in people.
ANNEXURES
Participants and Secretariat, Tswalu, 14–16 January 2011
John Abizaid (General), US
Martin Agwai (General), Nigeria
Anthony Arnott (Major), Army Air Corps, UK
Richard Berthon, former Stability Advisor, ISAF RC(S), Kandahar, UK
Farhan Bokhari, Financial Times, Pakistan
Nicola Brewer (Dr), UK High Commissioner to SA, UK
Luke Bronin, ISAF, US
Raymond Brown (Dr), Foreign Policy Advisor: AFRICOM, US
Tim Butcher, Journalist and Author, UK
Nick Carter (Maj- Genl), former Commander, ISAF RC(S), Kandahar; Head: Land Warfare Centre, UK
Dickie Davis (Brigadier), former Chief of Staff, ISAF RC(S), Kandahar, UK
Luisa Dias Diogo MP, (Dr), former Prime Minister, Mozambique
Alan Doss, former SRSG Liberia and Congo, UK
David Fahrenkrug (Colonel), USAF, US
Jerry Heal (Colonel), UK Defence Attaché: South Africa, UK
Leila Jack, Brenthurst Foundation, SA
Adrian Johnson, Royal United Services Institute, UK
John A Kufuor (President), Ghana
Themba Matanzima (Lieutenant General), Acting Chief of the SANDF, SA
Ewen McLay (Brigadier), UK
Terence McNamee (Dr), Brenthurst Foundation, Canada
Duma Mdutyana (Major General), SANDF, SA
Greg Mills (Dr), Brenthurst Foundation, SA
Valetin Mubake (Mr), UDPS, Congo
Kenneth Mubu (Mr), Shadow Minister of International Relations, SA
Welile Nhlapo (Amb), National Security Adviser, SA
Ayanda Ntsaluba (Dr), Director-General: Dept. of International Relations and Co-operation, SA
Thomas Nziratimana, former Deputy Governor: South Kivu, Congo
Seth Obeng (Lieutenant General), Ghana
David Orletsky (Dr), Rand Corporation, US
Jonathan Oppenheimer, Brenthurst Foundation, SA
David Richards (General Sir), Chief of the Defence Staff, UK
Joe Siegle (Dr), African Center for Strategic Studies, US
Paula Thornhill (Dr; Brigadier General rtd), Rand Corporation, US
Chris Vernon (Colonel), British Peace Support Team, UK
Edward Wamala (Lieutenant General), Uganda