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https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2115411/high-resolution-virus-pictures-help-researchers-develop-vaccines/

Those images, seen on TV, in newspapers and on the web are produced by researchers like Dr. Gordon Joyce

Years ago, if researchers wanted a visualization of a virus, they'd have to do a sort of artist's rendering, said Joyce,

The high-resolution graphic of SARS-CoV-2 seen on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's website is partially artistic — but the red "spikes" seen on the virus's grey body were created using an electron microscope, Joyce said.

Joyce said X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy are two ways that researchers can take such breathtaking images of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, MERS-CoV, influenza, the human metapneumovirus, or the respiratory syncytial virus.

Using a scanning electron microscope, he said, researchers take as many as a million images of a virus. Then, he said, maybe the best 100,000 of those are assembled to produce a composite image.