Cyber Crimes/RICO spam bot bitches KEK

You can click on your state in the US to see what statutes govern cyber crimes…

Cyber Crimes

The body of laws governing crimes on the Internet are some of the most rapidly changing of all state laws. Controversy surrounding issues such as pornography on the Internet and the World Wide Web, the copying and posting of copyrighted information from an authorized site on the Internet to another site, and privacy of communication and access to materials on the Internet are still being hotly debated and no clear method for dealing with them has yet been devised. In addition, recent efforts to regulate the world of the Internet have taken place largely in the federal level. As of this writing, major federal legislation has just been enacted that covers many activities on the Internet, but the regulations have not yet been written enforcing its various provisions and much of the act is not yet effective. Accordingly, there is still much speculation about what the law means.

On the state level, the one thing upon which there is much unanimity is that theft of information or money in electronic form is much the same as theft in any other form. State laws on computer crime, therefore, focus on theft of information or money through the use of a computer or an on-line computer service.

Virtually every state requires that one have the requisite mental state before they may be convicted of a computer crime. One must willfully, knowingly or purposely access computer-based data and intend to steal, destroy or alter computer-based information, steal services, passwords, or otherwise interfere with hardware or software, etc. It is not enough for purposes of these laws to accidently or unintentionally wander into areas on the internet where valuable or secure information may reside. If one enters such an area using computers or computer technology, his/her intent must be to steal, destroy or defraud to be found guilty of a crime.

Only a handful of states don’t explicitly ban access to certain computer files. In most states mere access can be prosecuted as a crime. In addition, many states have the additional requirement that damage sustained by the victim of the crime be of a certain amount before the crime becomes a felony. For example, in New Jersey, if damage is more than $200, it is a felony. If it is less, it is a misdemeanor. The limit is $1,000 in South Dakota, $10,000 in Connecticut. In very few states, there is either no misdemeanor provision at all, or no money amount distinguishing the one from the other.

As the technology becomes ubiquitous, the law in this controversial area is sure to be subject to tremendous change and development over the next few years. One new development that is only beginning is legislation regarding the use of computers in acts of terrorism. To date, only two states have provisions regarding computer crimes and acts of terrorism. For example, Indiana specifically mentions terrorism, but others imply it in language that makes it a crime to use computers to disrupt government services or public utilities. It is anticipated that in the next few years there will be a growing number of states defining certain computer crimes as terrorism and then enhancing the penalties for committing such crimes. In the meantime, this chapter can be used at least as a guidepost to identify the specific laws in question even if the specific provisions change in the details.

Inside Cyber Crimes

USLegal HomeCriminal LawCyber Crimes

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South Carolina

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Wyoming

https://criminallaw.uslegal.com/cyber-crimes/

>>17225552

A Glance At The United States Cyber Security Laws

For more than a decade, cyber security has been a concern for the government and private sector alike. The growth in Information Technology and E-commerce sector in the United States have given rise to cyber crimes, causing a huge loss to the US government and its people. Today we have a glance at the United States cyber security laws and regulations.

Data breaches have gained more attention due to the impact of digitization on financial, healthcare, SMEs and other industries. Even though data breaches occurred way before digitization took the world by storm, but the popularity of the digital platforms gave a new dimension to these breaches as the importance, volume, and cost of the data breaches have increased considerably.

The number of data breaches in the U.S. increased from 157 million in 2005 to 781 million in 2015, while the number of exposed records jumped from around 67 million to 169 million during the same time frame. In 2016, the number of data breaches in the United States amounted to 1093 with close to 36.6 million records exposed.

The year 2016 witnessed the largest data breach till date in US history as online platform Yahoo revealed that hackers stole user data and information related to at least 500 million accounts back in 2014. In December 2016, the company announced another hack dating back to 2013 that affected over 1 billion user records.

Table of Contents

Consumer Privacy Protection Act of 2017

Understanding the United States Cyber Security Laws and Regulation

Federal Government Regulation

Recent Federal Law

State Law

Cyber Security Laws of New York

Final thoughts

Consumer Privacy Protection Act of 2017

The Consumer Privacy Protection Act of 2017 aims at securing the personal information of customers, to avoid identity theft, to update citizens and organizations regarding security breaches and prevent the misuse of sensitive user information.

The act is applicable to all the institutions which access, collect, store, use and transmit personally identifiable information of more than 10,000 US citizens over a specified period of time. The associated penalties and fines do not exceed more than $5 million. But, if it is found that the misuse of data was intentional, an additional $5 million fine can also be imposed.

Understanding the United States Cyber Security Laws and Regulation

The United States cyber security laws and privacy system is arguably the oldest, most robust and effective in the world. The State's’ privacy system relies more on post hoc government enforcement and private litigation. Currently, cyber security regulation comprises of directives from the Executive Branch and legislation from Congress that safeguards information technology and computer systems.

The purpose of cyber security regulation is to force companies and organizations to protect their systems and information from cyber-attacks such as viruses, trojan horses, phishing, denial of service (DOS) attacks, unauthorized access (stealing intellectual property or confidential information) and control system attacks.

Federal Government Regulation There are three main federal cybersecurity regulations -

• 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

• 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

• 2002 Homeland Security Act, which included the Federal

Information Security Management Act (FISMA) These three regulations mandate that healthcare organizations, financial institutions, and federal agencies should protect their systems and information. However, these rules are not foolproof in securing the data and require only a “reasonable” level of security.

(continued…)

https://www.appknox.com/blog/united-states-cyber-security-laws

>>17225552

>>17225557

A Glance At The United States Cyber Security Laws

(continued…)

For example, FISMA, which applies to every government agency, “requires the development and implementation of mandatory policies, principles, standards, and guidelines on information security”.

But, these regulations do not address numerous computer-related industries, such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and software companies. Furthermore, the vague language of these regulations leaves much room for interpretation.

“Bruce Schneier, founder of Cupertino’s Counterpane Internet Security, argues that companies will not make sufficient investments in cybersecurity unless government forces them to do so. He also states that successful cyber-attacks on government systems still occur despite government efforts.”

Recent Federal Laws

In a recent effort to strengthen its cyber security laws, the federal government is introducing several new cyber security laws as well as amending the older ones for a better security ecosystem. Below are a few of them:

1. Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) Its objective is to improve cybersecurity in the United States through enhanced sharing of information about cybersecurity threats, and for other purposes. The law allows the sharing of Internet traffic information between the U.S. government and technology and manufacturing companies. The bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate on July 10, 2014, and passed in the Senate October 27, 2015

1. Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014: It was signed into law December 18, 2014. It provides an ongoing, voluntary public-private partnership to improve cybersecurity and strengthen cybersecurity research and development, workforce development and education and public awareness and preparedness.

1. Federal Exchange Data Breach Notification Act of 2015: This bill requires a health insurance exchange to notify each individual whose personal information is known to have been acquired or accessed as a result of a breach of security of any system maintained by the exchange as soon as possible but not later than 60 days after discovery of the breach.

1. National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015: This law amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to allow the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) national cyber security and communications integration center (NCCIC) to include tribal governments, information sharing, and analysis centers, and private entities among its non-federal representatives.

State Laws

State governments also have taken sincere measures to improve cyber security by increasing public visibility of firms with weak security. In 2003, California passed the Notice of Security Breach Act which requires that any company that maintains personal information of California citizens and has a security breach, must disclose the details of the event. The security breach regulation regulations punish firms for their cyber security failures while giving them the freedom to choose how to secure their systems.

This regulation creates an incentive for companies to proactively invest in cyber security to avoid potential loss of reputation and economic loss. This worked well for California and later several other states have implemented a similar security breach notification regulations.

https://www.appknox.com/blog/united-states-cyber-security-laws

>>17225552

>>17225557

A Glance At The United States Cyber Security Laws

(continued…)

Cyber Security Laws of New York

The financial services industry is a significant target of cyber security threats. Over the past few years, the New York State Department of Financial Services (“DFS”) has been closely monitoring the ever growing threat posed to information and financial systems by nation-states, terrorist organizations, and independent criminal actors.

Cybercriminals off late have sought to exploit technological vulnerabilities to gain access to sensitive electronic data. These criminals can cause significant financial losses for DFS regulated entities as well as for New York consumers whose private information may be revealed and/or stolen for illicit purposes.

Given the seriousness of the issue and the risk to all regulated entities, certain regulatory minimum standards are warranted, while not being overly prescriptive so that cyber security programs can match the relevant risks and keep pace with technological advances.

Accordingly, this regulation is designed to promote the protection of customer information as well as the information technology systems of regulated entities. This regulation requires each company to assess its specific risk profile and design a program that addresses its risks in a robust fashion.

The New York Cyber Security regulation has been effective since March 1, 2017. Covered Entities will be required to annually prepare and submit to the superintendent a Certification of Compliance with New York State Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulations commencing February 15, 2018.

Final thoughts

Going by the looks of the United States cyber security laws and regulations above, it is pretty evident that the government has been working to introduce stricter laws to equip organizations to secure the data from the latest cyber threats. However, Bruce Schneier rightly said that successful cyber-attacks on government systems still occur despite government efforts. This holds true for private companies as well.

It is advisable that organizations become proactive about the security of their apps and data. Cyber criminals are always on the prowl & are becoming sophisticated in their approach to attack. For the same reason, companies should keep a regular check on their systems to identify any vulnerabilities and address the loopholes immediately.

Related Posts

Cybersecurity Laws In India

A Glance At Australia’s Cyber Security Laws

A Glance At Singapore Cyber Security Laws

A Glance At India’s Cyber Security Laws

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Read more at: https://www.appknox.com/blog/united-states-cyber-security-laws

>>17225552

>>17225557

>>17225567

From 2011

JUSTICE NEWS

Statement of Deputy Section Chief Richard Downing Before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security

Washington, DC ~ Tuesday, November 15, 2011

An exerpt…

Computer crimes as a RICO predicate

We propose updating the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”) to make CFAA offenses subject to RICO. As computer technology has evolved, it has become a key tool of organized crime. Indeed, criminal organizations are operating today around the world to: hack into public and private computer systems, including systems key to national security and defense; hijack computers for the purpose of stealing identity and financial information; extort lawful businesses with threats to disrupt computers; and commit a range of other cyber crimes. Many of these criminal organizations are similarly tied to traditional Asian and Eastern European organized crime organizations.

The fight against organized crime is far from over; rather, much of the focus has moved online. RICO has been used for over forty years to prosecute organized criminals ranging from mob bosses to Hells Angels to insider traders, and its legality has been consistently upheld by the courts. Just as it has proven to be an effective tool to prosecute the leaders of these organizations who may not have been directly involved in committing the underlying crimes and to dismantle whole organizations, so too can it be an effective tool to fight criminal organizations who use online means to commit their crimes. The Administration’s proposal would simply make clear that malicious activities directed at the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computers should be considered criminal activities under the RICO statute.

https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/statement-deputy-section-chief-richard-downing-house-judiciary-subcommittee-crime

>>17225552

>>17225557

>>17225567

>>17225582

Cybersecurity Laws – A Complete Overview

By Oliviah Nelson • Updated: 06/13/19 • 8 min read

An exerpt…

What sorts of activities are criminalized by law?

Cybersecurity laws and regulations affect the crimes in the various sectors where they are committed. The sectors include federal law or county law.

Activities that are made criminal by cybersecurity laws include:

Computer hacking

Economic espionage

Corporate espionage

Identity theft

Breaking into computer systems, accessing unauthorized data, modifying or deleting the data

Stealing confidential information

Unauthorized publication or use of communications

Criminal infringement of copyright

Spreading of fake news

Sexual exploitation of children

Defacing internet websites

Flooding websites with increased volumes of irrelevant internet traffic make sites unavailable to the actual users who are supposed to be viewing them.

The various categories of the law have also criminalized numerous other crimes committed over the internet.

Ways in which cybersecurity laws are enforced

The United States addresses cybersecurity through sector-specific initiatives, general regulation, and private sector involvement. At the national or federal level, cybersecurity standards are executed using a variety of methods.

https://cyberexperts.com/cybersecurity-laws/

>>17225714

Well, I guess there's a reason the feds haven't taken this site down. Don't want all that sauce spilled in court, eh? Make sure you bring the sauce fuckers. kek

Department of Justice

Friday, May 7, 2021

Four Individuals Plead Guilty to RICO Conspiracy Involving “Bulletproof Hosting” for Cybercriminals

Four Eastern European nationals have pleaded guilty to conspiring to engage in a Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organization (RICO) arising from their providing “bulletproof hosting” services between 2008 and 2015, which were used by cybercriminals to distribute malware and attack financial institutions and victims throughout the United States.

According to court documents, Aleksandr Grichishkin, 34, and Andrei Skvortsov, 34, of Russia; Aleksandr Skorodumov, 33, of Lithuania; and Pavel Stassi, 30, of Estonia, were founders and/or members of a bulletproof hosting organization. The group rented Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, servers, and domains to cybercriminal clients, who used this technical infrastructure to disseminate malware used to gain access to victims’ computers, form botnets, and steal banking credentials for use in frauds. Malware hosted by the organization included Zeus, SpyEye, Citadel, and the Blackhole Exploit Kit, which rampantly attacked U.S. companies and financial institutions between 2009 and 2015 and caused or attempted to cause millions of dollars in losses to U.S. victims. A key service provided by the defendants was helping their clients to evade detection by law enforcement and continue their crimes uninterrupted; the defendants did so by monitoring sites used to blocklist technical infrastructure used for crime, moving “flagged” content to new infrastructure, and registering all such infrastructure under false or stolen identities.

“Every day, transnational organized cybercriminals deploy malware that ravages our economy and victimizes our citizens and businesses,” said Acting Assistant Attorney General Nicholas L. McQuaid of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division. “The criminal organizations that purposefully aid these actors — the so-called bulletproof hosters, money launderers, purveyors of stolen identity information, and the like — are no less responsible for the harms these malware campaigns cause, and we are committed to holding them accountable. Prosecutions like this one increase the costs and risks to cybercriminals and ensure that they cannot evade responsibility for the enormous injuries they cause to victims.”

“Fraud over the internet has had a major economic impact on our community, and all over our nation and the world,” stated Acting U.S. Attorney Saima S. Mohsin of the Eastern District of Michigan. “An essential part of reducing the fraud involves vigorously investigating and prosecuting individuals such as these ‘bulletproof hosters’ who enable the fraudsters in victimizing people over the internet.”

“Over the course of many years, the defendants facilitated the transnational criminal activity of a vast network of cybercriminals throughout the world by providing them a safe-haven to anonymize their criminal activity,” said Special Agent in Charge Timothy Waters of the FBI’s Detroit Field Office. “This resulted in millions of dollars of losses to U.S. victims. Today’s guilty plea sends a message to cybercriminals across the globe that they are not beyond the reach of the FBI and its international partners, and that anyone who facilitates or profits from criminal cyber activity will be brought to justice.”

According to court filings and statements made in connection with their guilty pleas, Grichishkin and Skvortsov were founding members of the organization and its proprietors. Skvortsov was responsible for marketing the organization’s criminal business and served as a point of contact for important and/or disgruntled clients, and Grichishkin was the organization’s day-to-day leader and oversaw its personnel. Skorodumov was one of the organization’s lead systems administrators, and at some points, its only systems administrator. In this role, he configured and managed the clients’ domains and IP addresses, provided technical assistance to help clients optimize their malware and botnets, and monitored and responded to abuse notices. Stassi undertook various administrative tasks for the organization, including conducting and tracking online marketing to the organization’s criminal clientele and using stolen and/or false personal information to register webhosting and financial accounts used by the organization…

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/four-individuals-plead-guilty-rico-conspiracy-involving-bulletproof-hosting-cybercriminals