Alphonse Rothschild’s company pioneered the unification of the Russian export trade by starting, in 1887, along with the export of its own products, the commission sale of kerosene belonging to 40-50 other Russian oil producers. . . .what had formed was, a sort of syndicate concentrating more than half of kerosene exports from Russia in its hands.

In 1903, a cartel agreement was concluded between the Nobel brothers and the Mazut association according to which Emmanuel Nobel (son of Ludwig Nobel) and Alphonse Rothschild joined forces in exporting Russian kerosene to foreign markets. Already by the end of 1901, the Nobmazut cartel transported 43 per cent of fuel oil, 57 per cent of kerosene and 67 per cent of the technical oils extracted from Baku oil.

http://www.visions.az/en/news/1021/cd5fd391/