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NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky

Pictures of the sky can show us cosmic wonders; movies can bring them to life. Movies from NASA’s NEOWISE space telescope are revealing motion and change across the sky.

Every six months, NASA’s Near-Earth Object Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer, or NEOWISE, spacecraft completes one trip halfway around the Sun, taking images in all directions. Stitched together, those images form an “all-sky” map showing the location and brightness of hundreds of millions of objects. Using 18 all-sky maps produced by the spacecraft (with the 19th and 20th to be released in March 2023), scientists have created what is essentially a time-lapse movie of the sky, revealing changes that span a decade.

Each map is a tremendous resource for astronomers, but when viewed in sequence as a time-lapse, they serve as an even stronger resource for trying to better understand the universe. Comparing the maps can reveal distant objects that have changed position or brightness over time, what’s known as time-domain astronomy.

“If you go outside and look at the night sky, it might seem like nothing ever changes, but that’s not the case,” said Amy Mainzer, principal investigator for NEOWISE at the University of Arizona in Tucson. “Stars are flaring and exploding. Asteroids are whizzing by. Black holes are tearing stars apart. The universe is a really busy, active place.”

NEOWISE was originally a data processing project to retrieve asteroid detections and characteristics from WISE – an observatory launched in 2009 and tasked with scanning the entire sky to find and study objects outside our solar system. The spacecraft used cryogenically cooled detectors that made them sensitive to infrared light.

Not visible to the human eye, infrared light is radiated by a plethora of cosmic objects, including cool, nearby stars and some of the most luminous galaxies in the universe. The WISE mission ended in 2011 after the onboard coolant – needed for some infrared observations – ran out, but the spacecraft and some of its infrared detectors were still functional. So in 2013, NASA repurposed it to track asteroids and other near-Earth objects, or NEOs. Both the mission and the spacecraft received a new name: NEOWISE.

Growing Wiser

Despite the shift, the infrared telescope has continued to scan the sky every six months, and astronomers have continued to use the data to study objects outside our solar system.

For example, in 2020, scientists released the second iteration of a project called CatWISE: a catalog of objects from 12 NEOWISE all-sky maps. Researchers use the catalog to study brown dwarfs, a population of objects found throughout the galaxy and lurking in the darkness close to our Sun. Although they form like stars, brown dwarfs don’t accumulate enough mass to kick-start fusion, the process that causes stars to shine.

Because of their proximity to Earth, nearby brown dwarfs appear to move faster across the sky compared to more distant stars moving at the same speed. So one way to identify brown dwarfs amid the billions of objects in the catalog is to look for objects that move. A complementary project to CatWISE called Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 invites citizen scientists to sift through NEOWISE data for moving objects that computer searches might have missed.

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With the original two WISE all-sky maps, scientists found about 200 brown dwarfs within just 65 light-years of our Sun. The additional maps revealed another 60 and doubled the number of known Y-dwarfs, the coldest brown dwarfs. Compared to warmer brown dwarfs, Y-dwarfs may have a stranger story to tell in terms of how they formed and when. These discoveries help illuminate the menagerie of objects in our solar neighborhood. And a more complete count of brown dwarfs close to the Sun tells scientists how efficient star formation is in our galaxy and how early it began.

Watching the sky change over more than a decade has also contributed to studies of how stars form. NEOWISE can peer into the dusty blankets swaddling protostars, or balls of hot gas that are well on their way to becoming stars. Over the course of years, protostars flicker and flare as they accumulate more mass from the dust clouds that surround them. Scientists are conducting long-term monitoring of almost 1,000 protostars with NEOWISE to gain insights into the early stages of star formation.

NEOWISE’s data has also improved understanding of black holes. The original WISE survey discovered millions of supermassive black holes at the centers of distant galaxies. In a recent study, scientists used NEOWISE data and a technique called echo mapping to measure the size of disks of hot, glowing gas surrounding distant black holes, which are too small and too distant for any telescope to resolve.

“We never anticipated that the spacecraft would be operating this long, and I don’t think we could have anticipated the science we’d be able to do with this much data,” said Peter Eisenhardt, an astronomer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and WISE project scientist.

https://youtu.be/qOVTqPvV6wY

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-telescope-takes-12-year-time-lapse-movie-of-entire-sky

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NASA’S IXPE Helps Unlock the Secrets of Famous Exploded Star

For the first time, astronomers have measured and mapped polarized X-rays from the remains of an exploded star, using NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The findings, which come from observations of a stellar remnant called Cassiopeia A, shed new light on the nature of young supernova remnants, which accelerate particles close to the speed of light.

Launched on Dec. 9, 2021, IXPE, a collaboration between NASA and the Italian Space Agency, is the first satellite that can measure the polarization of X-ray light with this level of sensitivity and clarity.

All forms of light – from radio waves to gamma rays – can be polarized. Unlike the polarized sunglasses we use to cut the glare from sunlight bouncing off a wet road or windshield, IXPE’s detectors maps the tracks of incoming X-ray light. Scientists can use these individual track records to figure out the polarization, which tells the story of what the X-rays went through.

Cassiopeia A (Cas A for short) was the first object IXPE observed after it began collecting data. One of the reasons Cas A was selected is that its shock waves – like a sonic boom generated by a jet – are some of the fastest in the Milky Way. The shock waves were generated by the supernova explosion that destroyed a massive star after it collapsed. Light from the blast swept past Earth more than three hundred years ago.

“Without IXPE, we have been missing crucial information about objects like Cas A,” said Pat Slane at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, who leads the IXPE investigations of supernova remnants. “This result is teaching us about a fundamental aspect of the debris from this exploded star – the behavior of its magnetic fields.”

Magnetic fields, which are invisible, push and pull on moving charged particles like protons and electrons. Closer to home, they are responsible for keeping magnets stuck to a kitchen fridge. Under extreme conditions, such as an exploded star, magnetic fields can boost these particles to near-light-speed.

Despite their super-fast speeds, particles swept up by shock waves in Cas A do not fly away from the supernova remnant because they are trapped by magnetic fields in the wake of the shocks. The particles are forced to spiral around the magnetic field lines, and the electrons give off an intense kind of light called “synchrotron radiation,” which is polarized.

By studying the polarization of this light, scientists can “reverse engineer” what’s happening inside Cas A at very small scales – details that are difficult or impossible to observe in other ways. The angle of polarization tells us about the direction of these magnetic fields. If the magnetic fields close to the shock fronts are very tangled, the chaotic mix of radiation from regions with different magnetic field directions will give off a smaller amount of polarization.

Previous studies of Cas A with radio telescopes have shown that the radio synchrotron radiation is produced in regions across almost the entire supernova remnant. Astronomers found that only a small amount of the radio waves were polarized – about 5%. They also determined that the magnetic field is oriented radially, like the spokes of a wheel, spreading out from near the center of the remnant towards the edge.

Data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, on the other hand, show that the X-ray synchrotron radiation mainly comes from thin regions along the shocks, near the circular outer rim of the remnant, where the magnetic fields were predicted to align with the shocks. Chandra and IXPE use different kinds of detectors and have different levels of angular resolution, or sharpness. Launched in 1999, Chandra’s first science image was also of Cas A.

Before IXPE, scientists predicted X-ray polarization would be produced by magnetic fields that are perpendicular to magnetic fields observed by radio telescopes.

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Instead, IXPE data show that the magnetic fields in X-rays tend to be aligned in radial directions even very close to the shock fronts. The X-rays also reveal a lower amount of polarization than radio observations showed, which suggests that the X-rays come from turbulent regions with a mix of many different magnetic field directions.

"These IXPE results were not what we expected, but as scientists we love being surprised,” says Dr. Jacco Vink of the University of Amsterdam and lead author of the paper describing the IXPE results on Cas A. “The fact that a smaller percentage of the X-ray light is polarized is a very interesting – and previously undetected – property of Cas A.”

The IXPE result for Cas A is whetting the appetite for more observations of supernova remnants that are currently underway. Scientists expect each new observed object will reveal new answers – and pose even more questions – about these important objects that seed the Universe with critical elements.

“This study enshrines all the novelties that IXPE brings to astrophysics,” said Dr. Riccardo Ferrazzoli with the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics/Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology in Rome. “Not only did we obtain information on X-ray polarization properties for the first time for these sources, but we also know how these change in different regions of the supernova. As the first target of the IXPE observation campaign, Cas A provided an astrophysical 'laboratory' to test all the techniques and analysis tools that the team has developed in recent years.”

“These results provide a unique view of the environment necessary to accelerate electrons to incredibly high energies," said co-author Dmitry Prokhorov, also of the University of Amsterdam. “We are just at the beginning of this detective story, but so far the IXPE data are providing new leads for us to track down.”

IXPE is a collaboration between NASA and the Italian Space Agency with partners and science collaborators in 12 countries. Ball Aerospace, headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado, manages spacecraft operations together with the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space sciences, which operates IXPE for NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ixpe/news/nasa-s-ixpe-helps-unlock-the-secrets-of-famous-exploded-star.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ixpe/index.html

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Russian cosmonaut runs over colleague after space return

MOSCOW — After three missions in space, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev ran into difficulty on Earth when he drove over a colleague on a dark road outside Moscow less than three weeks after returning from his latest orbiting mission.

Russia’s state space corporation Roscosmos said Artemyev didn’t see an employee of the Star City cosmonaut training center who was crossing the road in the dark late Monday.

It said in a statement Tuesday that Artemyev immediately provided first aid assistance to the victim, Anatoly Uronov, who was hospitalized with several fractures. Roscosmos emphasized that Artemyev was sober and immediately called police and an ambulance.

On Sept. 29, the 51-year-old Artemyev returned from his third mission to the International Space Station, which brought his total time spent in orbit to 561 days.

https://nypost.com/2022/10/18/russian-cosmonaut-oleg-artemyev-runs-over-colleague-after-return/

Exclusive: More UFO Hearings Are Coming As Whistleblowers Are Called Forward And Legacy Programs Are Verified By Congress

• Some insiders have told Liberation Times that new UAP whistleblower language could be signed into law “in weeks” and after upcoming midterm elections.

• Corbell comments: “The Silver Bullet is coming.”

• Once National Defense Authorization Act 2023 becomes law, it is expected that public Congressional hearings will take place, and whistleblowers have already been requested to testify.

• It has also been confirmed by multiple sources that information relating to alleged secretive UAP retrieval and reverse-engineering programs has now been verified by Congress.

• There is now some urgency from Congress to provide transparency and some insiders hope that any released information can potentially bring people together at a time when the likelihood of nuclear conflict has risen.

Liberation Times has learned that new public Congressional Unidentified Aerospace-undersea Phenomena (UAP) hearings can be expected once National Defense Authorization Act 2023 (NDAA) UAP language is signed into law.

As reported by Dean Johnson, Intelligence Authorization Act (IAA) 2023 language is now wrapped up within the NDAA and includes important whistleblower protections.

Sources have told Liberation Times that the NDAA could be passed “in weeks”, after upcoming midterm elections in November. Although it is cautioned that there are no certainties with regard to the exact timeline due to political divisions, changes in political composition following midterms and the Ukranian situation.

However, sources have stated that public hearings can be expected after the NDAA is signed into law and that whistleblowers have already been contacted to speak before Congress. Liberation Times understands that the best-case scenario could see such hearings occur before Christmas.

There has been some doubt whether any whistleblowers testifying could back-up their claims. However, Liberation Times understands from multiple political and defense sources that a substantial amount of information involving secretive UAP retrieval and back-engineering programs has been verified by Congress.

Speaking to Liberation Times, journalist and filmmaker Jeremy Corbell commented:

"Regarding the mystery of UFOs, the Silver Bullet is coming. The moment it is understood by the public that not only have we obtained spacecraft - fabricated by a non-human intelligence - but that we have also been attempting to reverse engineer that technology for decades… Pandora's box is finally open.

“This new legislation to provide amnesty and immunity for those involved in these programs to come forward is a potential game changer. I have personally spoken with numerous individuals who have had roles in these legacy UFO exploitation programs.

There have also been reports of a major pushback within some quarters of the DoD, from those who are against whistleblowers speaking out and further information being made public. Although it now looks like a chain of events has now been put into motion, which may lead to a flurry of information coming forwards.

Regarding reprisals, Corbell commented:

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“The fear has always been reprisal, and that fear has always been justified. Pushback has occurred against these people as recently as this year. And as has been predicted - the closer the public gets to the good stuff - the more the pushback has increased. make no mistake… the world is creaking under the stress and the weight of the UFO reality. And now we have an opportunity for this truth to be revealed, and our society will forever be changed by it."

With such information now verified and ongoing frustrations with the UAP All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), there is thought to be urgency from Congress to make more information public and answer ongoing questions relating to the origin and operators of unidentified craft at a time when reports have escalated since 2021.

In July 2022, one Department of Defense (DoD) insider told Liberation Times that verifiable information had been given:

“Laws are not written in a vacuum. Behind closed doors, lawmakers have met with current and former government insiders who have provided multi-source and verifiable information that has shaped the language we are seeing today.

“The wording is very specific, and many who are aware of the history of this subject will immediately understand why January 1, 1947, is the date to which the Comptroller General must use as “day one” of their compiled intelligence review and report that is due to Congress.”

At that time Vice Chair of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Marco Rubio, commented on the importance of the IAA (containing whistleblower immunity language), stating:

‘This years Senate’s Intelligence Reauthorization was approved unanimously and is the most consequential one ever offered.’

Investigative reporter, George Knapp, has also commented on the topic of verifiable information provided to Congress. On a recent episode on Coast to Coast AM, he commented:

“It’s clear that somebody has been sharing information with them. I can tell for sure that there are people who have met with them and have told them not only that there are these legacy programs that have materials, and by materials I don’t mean just scraps of metal from the ground, but intact craft, remains - physical remains - of beings.

“Those stories have been floating around for a long time. I know that there are a couple of people in particular who know about this stuff, down to the point of the buildings where this stuff is stashed, who are willing to come forward if they are protected. And now this legislation indicates they will be protected as whistleblowers, that their security clearances will not be revoked, and it’s pretty exciting.”

It is understood that there are people within the DoD and Intelligence Community urging that the process of dissemination be accelerated due to escalating tensions between the U.S. and Russia. Such people point to Ronald Reagan’s historic speech when he stated that an alien threat could bring nations together.

When NDAA language is signed into law, a flurry of activity can be expected relating to the UAP issue once whistleblowers are satisfied that they have protections.

https://www.liberationtimes.com/home/exclusive-more-ufo-hearings-are-coming-as-whistleblowers-are-called-forward-and-legacy-programs-are-verified-by-congress

https://www.the-sun.com/news/6465312/ufo-cover-ups-end-by-christmas-report/

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blink-182 - EDGING (Official Video)

Premiered Oct 14, 2022

Lyrics:

I ain’t that cool

A little fucked in the head

They’ll be hanging me quick

When I’m back from the dead

Get the rope

I’m a punk rock kid

I came from hell with a curse

She tried to pray it away

So I fucked her in church

Don’t you know

They say you’re not safe here if I stay

With a knife that sharp no way

No I leave them broken hearted

Oh no look at the mess we started

Oh no I leave the broken hearts this way

What you say

You want to play

Yeah don’t be fooled

I’m only letting you down

They pursued me on foot

But I hid in the crowd

Like a ghost

The seats of my car

Are filled with cigarette burns

I got a fire in my eye

A little blood on my shirt

Let’s hit the road

I know there’s a special place in hell

That my friends and I know well

There’s a perfect place to go

When it’s time to lose control

Nightmare daydream

You can’t save me

https://youtu.be/7MI3buZedOw

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