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Anonymous ID: f056e8 Dec. 27, 2022, 5:19 p.m. No.18026897   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6919 >>6922 >>6928 >>6943 >>7028 >>7224 >>7257 >>7349 >>7384

Suramin: an anticancer drug with a unique mechanism of action

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2926472/

 

Abstract

We administered suramin, an anti-parasitic drug and reverse transcriptase inhibitor, to 15 patients with metastatic cancer. This compound is known to inhibit the binding of growth factors (eg, epidermal growth factor [EGF], platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], tumor growth factor-beta [TGF-beta]) to their receptors and thus antagonize the ability of these factors to stimulate growth of tumor cells in vitro. There were no complete responses (CRs), four partial responses (PRs) (two of ten adrenal cortex, one of four renal, one of one adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma [HTLV-1]), and two minimal responses (MRs) (two of ten adrenal cortex). Toxicity included proteinuria (14 patients), reversible liver function test abnormalities (eight), vortex keratopathy (five), adrenal insufficiency (three), coagulopathy secondary to increased circulating levels of glycosaminoglycans (11), and one case of a reversible acute demyelinating polyneuropathy resembling the Guillain-Barrè syndrome. We conclude that suramin is an active agent in the treatment of metastatic cancer, and further work is necessary to define its scope.

Anonymous ID: f056e8 Dec. 27, 2022, 5:21 p.m. No.18026922   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6928 >>6943 >>7028 >>7336 >>7349 >>7384

>>18026897

100 Years of Suramin

 

https://pineneedletea.org/blogs/news/100-years-of-suramin

 

When suramin was first introduced for the treatment of African sleeping sickness in 1922, it was one of the first anti-infective agents that had been developed in a medicinal chemistry program. Today, 100 years later, it is being studied for a variety of applications and treatments including parasitic and viral diseases, cancer, snakebite antidote, and autism. For an in-depth discussion of all the medical targets for this compound, please visit this article published in the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health.

 

Suramin is strongly inhibitory to the replication of the coronavirus spike protein. It also has an inhibitory effect against components of the coagulation cascade and the inappropriate replication and modification of RNA and DNA. Excessive coagulation causes blood clots, mini-clots, strokes, and unusually heavy menstrual cycles, which are now being daily reported to VAERS post-vaccination. Recent research has shown it to be an in vitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture by preventing viral entry.

 

When suramin was introduced for the treatment of African sleeping sickness in 1922, it was one of the first anti-infective agents that had been developed in a medicinal chemistry program. Starting from the antitrypanosomal activity of the dye trypan blue, synthesized in 1904 by Paul Ehrlich, Bayer made a series of colorless and more potent derivatives. Molecule 205 was suramin, synthesized by Oskar Dressel, Richard Kothe, and Bernhard Heymann in 1916. Pine needle oil was used as a botanical source for trypan blue. Sleeping sickness (also known as human African trypanosomiasis was at the forefront of research at that time, not a neglected disease as it is today, and the development of suramin was a breakthrough for the emerging field of chemotherapy.

 

Trypan blue is so-called because it can kill trypanosomes, the parasites that cause sleeping sickness. Trypan blue is derived from toluidine, that is, any of several isomeric bases, C14H16N2, derived from toluene. Trypan blue is also known as diamine blue and Niagara blue. Toluene is also a derivative of pine oil. The compound was first isolated in 1837 through a distillation of pine oil by the Polish chemist Filip Walter, who named it rétinnaphte.

 

Pine-Sol was based on pine oil when it was created in 1929 and during its rise to national popularity in the 1950s. However, as of 2016, Pine-Sol products sold in stores no longer contain pine oil to reduce costs.

 

Yet pine needle tea provides a similar, if not superior, benefit, due in part to the fact that it is a direct mild extract of the whole herb leaving many of its properties still intact that might be destroyed by excessive heat during distillation and further dissection of its many nutrient components.

 

There are many great resources online that discuss the compound suramin and how and the many potential health benefits. We've compiled the following list for you:

 

Eastern White Pine Tree Needles: A Natural Source of Anti-Infective Compounds

 

“Suramin” Drug for Autism

 

An Antidote To The COVID Vaccine Contagion?

 

Is Pine Needle Tea, Suramin, & Shakimic Acid The Answer To Covid Vaccine Shedding?

 

Suramin shows promise as COVID-19 treatment

 

Suramin and Autism

 

Century-Old Drug Tested in Boys with Autism

Anonymous ID: f056e8 Dec. 27, 2022, 5:24 p.m. No.18026943   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>18026897

>>18026922

>>18026928

Suramin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cell Culture by Interfering with Early Steps of the Replication Cycle

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32513797/

 

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has impacted public health, society, the global economy, and the daily lives of billions of people in an unprecedented manner. There are currently no specific registered antiviral drugs to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, drug repurposing would be the fastest route to provide at least a temporary solution while better, more specific drugs are being developed. Here, we demonstrate that the antiparasitic drug suramin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, protecting Vero E6 cells with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of ∼20 μM, which is well below the maximum attainable level in human serum. Suramin also decreased the viral load by 2 to 3 logs when Vero E6 cells or cells of a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3 2B4 [referred to here as "Calu-3"]) were treated. Time-of-addition and plaque reduction assays performed on Vero E6 cells showed that suramin acts on early steps of the replication cycle, possibly preventing binding or entry of the virus. In a primary human airway epithelial cell culture model, suramin also inhibited the progression of infection. The results of our preclinical study warrant further investigation and suggest that it is worth evaluating whether suramin provides any benefit for COVID-19 patients, which obviously requires safety studies and well-designed, properly controlled randomized clinical trials.

Anonymous ID: f056e8 Dec. 27, 2022, 5:36 p.m. No.18027003   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7349 >>7384

https://www.rt.com/news/568998-eu-blackouts-inevitable-energy-crisis/

 

EU blackouts inevitable – Austria

It’s not a matter of “if,” but “when” some parts of the bloc go dark, Vienna’s defense minister has said

 

The European Union has little chance of staving off power outages amid the energy crunch exacerbated by the Ukraine conflict, and should brace for its impact, Austrian Defense Minister Klaudia Tanner warned on Tuesday.

 

Speaking to Die Welt, the minister evaluated the possibility of blackouts in some parts of the EU as “very high” in the near future. “The risk of a widespread power failure has once again increased significantly as a result of the Ukraine war,” she said.

 

“The question is not if it happens, but when,” the minister stressed.

 

Tanner also claimed, without providing evidence, that for Russian President Vladimir Putin “hacker attacks” on the Western energy grid are a form of “hybrid warfare.”

 

“We shouldn’t pretend that this is just a theory. We have to prepare for blackouts in Austria and in Europe,” the minister stated.

 

According to Tanner, Austria’s military as well as other governmental services regularly conduct relevant exercises. They are also building awareness through a campaign to distribute small brochures in public places on what should be done in case of a blackout.

 

When asked whether such a measure could trigger “panic,” the minister dismissed the notion. “I know there's a thin line between raising awareness with a sense of proportion and stirring up fears. But I think we’ve done quite well so far,” she said.

 

The specter of power outages has been haunting European countries for several months now, as the continent has been reeling under an energy crisis worsened by skyrocketing fuel prices due to the sanctions the West imposed on Russia over the Ukraine conflict.

 

Earlier this month, German media reported that Switzerland was considering a measure to limit the use of electric vehicles to save energy.

 

Around the same time, Xavier Piechaczyk, the head of French energy regulator RTE, warned that the country could face rolling blackouts due to low temperatures and high energy demand. The risk could also be exacerbated by extended maintenance halts for several nuclear reactors, Bloomberg reported last week.

 

In late November, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova insisted that EU policymakers have only themselves to blame for their ongoing energy crunch.