>>18289217
Year 1998: Influenza Vaccine ineffective - Zink + Ariginin restore the immune system
This article describes that influenca vaccination is ineffective for elderly people because of their impaired immune system.
This article describes that Zinc and Ariginin restore thymic endocrine activity, peripheral immune efficiency and increases
the percentage of peripheral blood T-helper lymphocytes.
Effect of zinc or zinc plus arginine supplementation on antibody titre and lymphocyte subsets after influenza vaccination in elderly subjects
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide, with most of the serious complications
occurring in the elderly population and particularly in individuals living in high-density environments, such as
nursing homes. Annual vaccination against the influenza viruses is recommended for older people but
the protection offered by standard influenza vaccination in preventing illness is low in elderly nursing home subjects
Influenza vaccination is not very effective in conferring adequate antibody protection in elderly subjects.
One of the main causes of this low antibody response is age-related impairment in immune
functioning with thymus involution and decline in various peripheral immune functions.
Zinc plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of immune competence.
Zinc metabolism is altered during ageing and a reduction of serum zinc concentrations is commonly found in
healthy old age, and particularly in institutionalized elderly people.
Furthermore, zinc turnover is altered in trauma, exercise, inflammation and with tumours and burn injury.
Zinc deficiency produces rapid and severe depression of immune function.
Hypoplasia of the thymus, decrease of T lymphocyte number, reduction of T-helper lymphocyte function
and of the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells occur in humans and animals.
The zinc-induced immune impairment has been associated with Down's syn-
drome, cystic fibrosis, acrodermatitis enteropathica, sickle cell anaemia, AIDS and leukaemia.
In most cases, zinc treatment reversed the immune deterioration in these diseases.
Although annual influenza vaccination is recommended in elderly communities, the efficacy of current
inactivated influenza vaccine declines with age, this being related in part to an age-associated immune defect.
Our study confirms the low effectiveness of standard influenza vaccination in conferring adequate antibody
response against influenza viral antigens in elderly people and demonstrates the inability of either zinc or zinc/arginine supplementation
to ameliorate the antibody response to influenza vaccine.
A role for arginine in immunological ageing has been suggested because of its stimulatory action on growth
hormone that, in turn, modulates various immune functions during development and ageing.
Arginine supplementation in old age restores thymic endocrine activity, peripheral immune efficiency and increases
the percentage of peripheral blood T-helper lymphocytes.
The combination of zinc and arginine is more effective than single nutrients in restoring thymic endocrine activity and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
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