>gould
{ snips }:
Pulitzer paid a price for his unsparingly rigorous work at his newspaper.
His health was undermined and, with his eyes failing,
Pulitzer and his wife set out in 1883 for New York to board a ship on a doctor-ordered European vacation. Stubbornly, instead of boarding the steamer in New York,
he met withJay Gould, the financier,
and negotiated the purchase of The New York World, which was in financial straits.
Putting aside his serious health concerns,
Pulitzer immersed himself in its direction, bringing about what Barrett describes as a "one-man revolution"
in the editorial policy, content, and format of The World.
He employed some of the same techniques that had built up the circulation of the Post-Dispatch.
He crusaded against public and private corruption, filled the news columns with a spate of sensationalized features,
made the first extensive use of illustrations, and staged news stunts.
In one of the most successful promotions,
The World raised public subscriptions for the building of a pedestal at the entrance to the New York harbor
so that the Statue of Liberty, which was stranded in France awaiting shipment, could be emplaced.
To ensure secrecy in his communications he relied on a code that filled a book containing some 20,000 names and terms.
In 1909,
The World exposed a fraudulent payment of $40 million by the United States to the French Panama Canal Company.
The federal government lashed back at The World by indicting Pulitzer for criminally libeling President Theodore Roosevelt
and the banker J.P. Morgan, among others.
Pulitzer refused to retreat, and The World persisted in its investigation.
When the courts dismissed the indictments,Pulitzer was applauded for a crucial victory on behalf of freedom of the press.
In May 1904, writing in The North American Review in support of his proposal for the founding of a school of journalism,
Pulitzer summarized his credo:
"Our Republic and its press will rise or fall together.
An able, disinterested, public-spirited press, with trained intelligence to know the right and courage to do it,
can preserve that public virtue without which popular government is a sham and a mockery.
A cynical, mercenary, demagogic press will produce in time a people as base as itself.
The power to mould the future of the Republic will be in the hands of the journalists of future generations."
1912 - present
In 1912, one year after Pulitzer's death aboard his yacht,
the Columbia School of Journalism was founded,
and the 'first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded in 1917
under the supervision of the advisory board to which he had entrusted his mandate.
(Relevant extracts from Pulitzer's will may be read here.)
Pulitzer envisioned an advisory board composed principally of newspaper publishers.
Others would include the president of Columbia University and scholars,
and "persons of distinction who are not journalists or editors."
https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer
https://archive.ph/Xt0R6
>>18844646, >>18844651, >>18844692,>>18844696
>P= pullitzer?