https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-2138820?lang=en

https://archive.is/wrlaN

Covid-19 vaccination can induce multiple sclerosis via cross-reactive CD4+ T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and myelin peptides

Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can lead to a wide range of acute and also chronic disease manifestations. The rapidly developed vaccinations are highly effective in preventing severe disease courses and have been proven safe. Both natural infection and, to a much lower extent, the mRNAbased vaccinations can be accompanied by transient autoimmune phenomena or onset of autoimmune diseases.

Objective(s) We report here two cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) with clinical and new radiological signs beginning in close temporal relation to spike (S) protein mRNA-based vaccinations.

Aim(s) To establish that the onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones that cross-recognize SARSCoV- 2 S protein-derived peptides and peptides derived from myelin proteins, which have previously been implicated in MS.

Method(s) Spike specific CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood and CD4+ T cells from CSF sample were isolated and expanded for autoantigen screening test. A list of well-known MS-related autoantigens including immunodominant peptides and isoforms from MBP, MOG, PLP, RASGRP2, TSTA3 peptides were included to assess T cell reactivity. CD4+ CFSElow fraction were sorted after stimulate with positive autoantigen pools or SARSCov- 2 Spike protein, followed by expansion and testing with autoantigen peptides and Spike protein. Supernatant from cell culture were further analyzed for IFN-gamma secretion.

Result(s) Self-reactive T cells were detected from Spike specific T cell population in both patients. CD4+ T from CSF also showed reactivity to MBP, MOG, PLP peptide pools. Finally, we found proinflammatory T cell clones that recognize both Spike protein and immunodominant MBP peptides and MOG peptides, which have previously been implicated in MS.

Conclusion(s) Detailed studies of both peripheral blood- and CSFderived CD4+ T cells show that the onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones that cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 S protein-derived peptides and peptides derived from myelin proteins, which have previously been implicated in MS.

(full archive)

>>18922832

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810476/

https://archive.is/ShmG1

Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: insights into protein disorder and disease

Abstract

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. One of the main theories on the pathogenesis of MS suggests that exposure to foreign antigens causes the activation of cross-reactive T cells in genetically susceptible individuals, with MBP being a possible autoantigen. While a direct role for MBP as a primary antigen in human MS is unclear, it is clear that MBP and its functions in myelin formation and long-term maintenance are linked to MS. This review looks at some key molecular characteristics of MBP and its relevance to MS, as well as the mechanisms of possible molecular mimicry between MBP and some viral antigens. We also discuss the use of serum anti-myelin antibodies as biomarkers for disease. MBP is a prime example of an apparently simple, but in fact biochemically and structurally complex molecule, which is closely linked to both normal nervous system development and neurodegenerative disease.

>>18922964

>vid too large to copy here.

There ya go.

>>18923049

>>18923058