Reclaiming Democracy with @ElonMusk and @RobertKennedyJr
11:06 AM · Jun 5, 2023
https://twitter.com/RobertKennedyJr/status/1665782138631774211
https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1PlJQpmkngnGE?s=20
Early Universe Crackled With Bursts of Star Formation, Webb Shows
Jun 5, 2023
Among the most fundamental questions in astronomy is: How did the first stars and galaxies form? NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is already providing new insights into this question. One of the largest programs in Webb’s first year of science is the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, which will devote about 32 days of telescope time to uncover and characterize faint, distant galaxies. While the data is still coming in, JADES already has discovered hundreds of galaxies that existed when the universe was less than 600 million years old. The team also has identified galaxies sparkling with a multitude of young, hot stars.
“With JADES, we want to answer a lot of questions, like: How did the earliest galaxies assemble themselves? How fast did they form stars? Why do some galaxies stop forming stars?” said Marcia Rieke of the University of Arizona in Tucson, co-lead of the JADES program.
Star Factories
Ryan Endsley of the University of Texas at Austin led an investigation into galaxies that existed 500 to 850 million years after the big bang. This was a crucial time known as the Epoch of Reionization. For hundreds of millions of years after the big bang, the universe was filled with a gaseous fog that made it opaque to energetic light. By one billion years after the big bang, the fog had cleared and the universe became transparent, a process known as reionization. Scientists have debated whether active, supermassive black holes or galaxies full of hot, young stars were the primary cause of reionization.
As part of the JADES program, Endsley and his colleagues studied these galaxies with Webb’s NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument to look for signatures of star formation – and found them in abundance. “Almost every single galaxy that we are finding shows these unusually strong emission line signatures indicating intense recent star formation. These early galaxies were very good at creating hot, massive stars,” said Endsley.
These bright, massive stars pumped out torrents of ultraviolet light, which transformed surrounding gas from opaque to transparent by ionizing the atoms, removing electrons from their nuclei. Since these early galaxies had such a large population of hot, massive stars, they may have been the main driver of the reionization process. The later reuniting of the electrons and nuclei produces the distinctively strong emission lines.
Endsley and his colleagues also found evidence that these young galaxies underwent periods of rapid star formation interspersed with quiet periods where fewer stars formed. These fits and starts may have occurred as galaxies captured clumps of the gaseous raw materials needed to form stars. Alternatively, since massive stars quickly explode, they may have injected energy into the surrounding environment periodically, preventing gas from condensing to form new stars.
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The Early Universe Revealed
Another element of the JADES program involves the search for the earliest galaxies that existed when the universe was less than 400 million years old. By studying these galaxies, astronomers can explore how star formation in the early years after the big bang was different from what is seen in current times. The light from faraway galaxies is stretched to longer wavelengths and redder colors by the expansion of the universe – a phenomenon called redshift. By measuring a galaxy’s redshift, astronomers can learn how far away it is and, therefore, when it existed in the early universe. Before Webb, there were only a few dozen galaxies observed above a redshift of 8, when the universe was younger than 650 million years old, but JADES has now uncovered nearly a thousand of these extremely distant galaxies.
The gold standard for determining redshift involves looking at a galaxy’s spectrum, which measures its brightness at a myriad of closely spaced wavelengths. But a good approximation can be determined by taking photos of a galaxy using filters that each cover a narrow band of colors to get a handful of brightness measurements. In this way, researchers can determine estimates for the distances of many thousands of galaxies at once.
Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona in Tucson and his colleagues used Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument to obtain these measurements, called photometric redshifts, and identified more than 700 candidate galaxies that existed when the universe was between 370 million and 650 million years old. The sheer number of these galaxies was far beyond predictions from observations made before Webb’s launch. The observatory’s exquisite resolution and sensitivity are allowing astronomers to get a better view of these distant galaxies than ever before.
“Previously, the earliest galaxies we could see just looked like little smudges. And yet those smudges represent millions or even billions of stars at the beginning of the universe,” said Hainline. “Now, we can see that some of them are actually extended objects with visible structure. We can see groupings of stars being born only a few hundred million years after the beginning of time.”
“We’re finding star formation in the early universe is much more complicated than we thought,” added Rieke.
These results are being reported at the 242nd meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/early-universe-crackled-with-bursts-of-star-formation-webb-shows
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Ex–Intelligence Official Says Government Is Hiding Alien Technology From Congress
June 5, 2023
The past six years have been a roller coaster for the extraterrestrial-minded in America. In 2017, the New York Times revealed that former senator Harry Reid had previously snuck away $22 million in Defense funding to investigate unidentified foreign objects. Since then, some Navy pilots have come forward to report frequent UFO sightings, while the Pentagon has revamped its investigation process in an effort to take the matter more seriously. The increased scrutiny hasn’t led to any breakthroughs; it turns out many of the objects the pilots sighted were just balloons.
But a new report from Leslie Kean and Ralph Blumenthal — part of the team that broke the Times story in 2017 — gives hope to the alien optimists.
On the science website the Debrief, the pair describe the story of a Defense intelligence whistleblower who has alleged that the Intelligence Community is hiding classified evidence of “intact and partially intact craft of non-human origin.”
The whistleblower, David Charles Grusch, claims in a complaint that the Pentagon, other nations, and defense contractors have recovered fragments “of exotic origin (non-human intelligence, whether extraterrestrial or unknown origin) based on the vehicle morphologies and material science testing and the possession of unique atomic arrangements and radiological signatures.” Grusch goes on to state that the “material includes intact and partially intact vehicles.”
While a previous UFO expert in the government might have been discredited, Grusch has bona fides that are worth taking seriously. Grusch is a 36-year-old combat veteran of Afghanistan who was a member of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, the program run by the Office of Naval Intelligence to investigate UFO sightings. From 2019 to 2021, he served on the task force as the representative of the National Reconnaissance Office, considered one of the big five of the U.S. intelligence agencies. His colleagues think highly of him, too. Karl Nell, a retired Army colonel who was also on the UFO task force, told the Debrief that Grusch was “beyond reproach.” Nell even backed up one of Grusch’s claims in the complaint: that there is an ongoing competition with other countries to “identify [UFO] crashes/landings and retrieve the material for exploitation/reverse engineering.”
“His assertion concerning the existence of a terrestrial arms race occurring sub-rosa over the past eighty years focused on reverse engineering technologies of unknown origin is fundamentally correct,” Nell told the Debrief. “As is the indisputable realization that at least some of these technologies of unknown origin derive from non-human intelligence.” Another intelligence official investigating UFOs, Jonathan Grey, concurred. “The non-human intelligence phenomenon is real. We are not alone,” he said. “This is a global phenomenon, and yet a global solution continues to elude us.”
An unclassified version of the complaint shared with the Debrief states that the evidence of extraterrestrial tech was illegally withheld from congressional oversight by the Intelligence Community in order to “purposely and intentionally thwart legitimate Congressional oversight of the UAP Program.” When Grusch raised the concern, he was subject to months of retaliation. (He requested that the details of that retaliation be withheld “to protect the integrity of the ongoing investigation,” per the report.) An intelligence investigation has been launched in response to his whistleblower complaint. While the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence did not comment, the Pentagon cleared the information in the report in April. Grusch, who retired in April, said that he hoped his claims would provide an “ontological shock.”
https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/06/ex-intel-official-government-hiding-alien-tech.html
https://thedebrief.org/intelligence-officials-say-u-s-has-retrieved-non-human-craft/
WATCH fateful moment senate door unlocks allowing hundreds in the Capitol on January 6th
June 5, 2023
New footage obtained by Just The News shows the fateful moment two men exited through the West terrace of the Capitol on January 6, 2021 unlocking the door which allowed hundreds of protestors into the building.
https://justthenews.com/videos/watch-fateful-moment-senate-door-unlocks-allowing-hundreds-capitol-january-6th
Anna Paulina Luna
@realannapaulina
In shock after leaving @GOPoversight meeting today:
The @FBI HAS an informant who brought forward info that Biden received 5 million from a foreign national while VP.
THEY stated they were afraid the informant would be killed if unmasked…
On Thursday there will be a hearing to hold FBI Director in Contempt of Congress.
No more corruption shall be tolerated.
4:52 PM · Jun 5, 2023
https://twitter.com/realannapaulina/status/1665869303080468481