How Moscow chased France out of Africakek
Paris is pulling back, under pressure from Russian disinformation and Wagner Group mercenaries.
FEBRUARY 23, 2023
PARIS —The French flag was lowered for the last time in the Bila Zagré military camp in Burkina Faso on Sunday, marking the end of 13 years of a presence by French armed forces in the West African country.
France’s withdrawal from Burkina Faso comes at a time when you’re less likely to see the French tricolore in the capital Ouagadougou than the Russian red, white and blue, marking a rapid and stunning loss of influence for the former colonial power.
Around 400 French troops had been posted in Burkina Faso since 2010, as part of Paris’ efforts to stop hostage-takings and later to curb the expansion of terrorist groups in the broader Sahel region. In January, the French were given one month to leave the country — a decision that followed a period of growing instability in the country, including two coups d’état in 2022. (They accused France of making terrorism worse, like the UN does.)
The withdrawal from Burkina Faso is thethird setback for French President Emmanuel Macron, who promised a new approach to Africa when he came to power in 2017, one based on a “partnership of equals.”
In recent months, France has alsohad to leave MaliandCentral African Republic, raising fears of a domino effect across the continent as Macron winds down his country’sdecade-long Barkhane operationto fight against jihadists in the Sahel.
“It’s a real test for France,” said Seidik Abba, a writer from Niger and an Africa security studies specialist at the University of Valenciennes in France. “If it doesn’t want to see a contagion [across Africa], it has to change its approach.”
“In Burkina Faso, the situation is shaky,” Abba added. “Andnow in Chad and Niger, people want to see a new type of partnership with France.”
There are still about 6,000 French boots on the ground on the African continent, including 1,000 in Niger and 900 in the Ivory Coast, according to local reports.
The reasons for France’s waning influence in the Sahel region are multi-faceted, rooted in its colonial history and accelerated by local politics, but its troubles are also a consequence of Russia’s ambitions to expand its foothold on the continent, especially since the start of its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
The Elysée palace has taken note, however, and Macron is headed to Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo and Gabon next week, on the heels of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s tour of Mali, Mauritania and Sudan in January. (Of course France blames Russia)
As French troops are systematically ushered out, they are in some cases being replaced by mercenaries from Russia’s paramilitary organization Wagner Group — which is led by Vladimir Putin ally Yevgeny Prigozhin. In Burkina Faso, the country’s military leaders deny they have sealed a deal with the Wagner Group, but Russian mercenaries have been sighted in the country.
Backing up the Wagner boots on the ground, Russia is also waging sophisticated and coordinated information warfare, grossly misrepresenting France, which has so far struggled to effectively strike back.
“We have not built enough soft power,” conceded a French government official speaking on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to speak publicly. “Our ambassadors must be more offensive when it comes to putting out counternarratives, instead of communicating only within institutional frameworks.”
In his defense review speech in November, Macron argued that the army should also focus on influence operations, in the face of disinformation campaigns and attempts to manipulate civilians — in particular in Africa.
“We will not be the enduring spectators of this evolution,” he said. “We must detect it without delay, and stop it — but using democratic [tools].”
French Armed Forces Minister Sébastien Lecornu visited Ivory Coast earlier this week for the second time in less than a year to discuss the conditions of France’s military presence in the region. As of press time, Lecornu was in Senegal.
And in an effort to fight back in the virtual sphere of diplomacy, France’s foreign affairs ministry has created a new unit to spot early signs of disinformation campaigns and provide French officials across the world with “a back office” to help respond to fake news operations, according to a French diplomat with knowledge of the operations….
(Really long article, worthwhile read except the propaganda)
https://www.politico.eu/article/france-africa-russia-emmanuel-macron-vladimir-putin-mali-central-african-republic-burkina-faso/