Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 7:25 a.m. No.19582247   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2255 >>2371 >>2600 >>2703

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day

Sep 20, 2023

 

Methane Discovered on Distant Exoplanet

 

Where else might life exist? One of humanity's great outstanding questions, locating planets where extrasolar life might survive took a step forward in 2019 with the discovery of a significant amount of water vapor in the atmosphere of distant exoplanet K2-18b. The planet and its parent star, K2-18, lie about 124 light years away toward the constellation of the Lion (Leo). The exoplanet is significantly larger and more massive than our Earth, but orbits in the habitable zone of its home star. K2-18, although more red than our Sun, shines in K2-18b's sky with a brightness similar to the Sun in Earth's sky. The 2019 discovery of atmospheric water was made in data from three space telescopes: Hubble, Spitzer, and Kepler, by noting the absorption of water-vapor colors when the planet moved in front of the star. Now in 2023, further observations by the Webb Space Telescope in infrared light have uncovered evidence of other life-indicating molecules – including methane. The featured illustration imagines exoplanet K2-18b on the far right orbited by a moon (center), which together orbit a red dwarf star depicted on the lower left.

 

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html?

Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 7:42 a.m. No.19582343   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2371 >>2600 >>2703

Scientific Highlights of NASA Astronaut Frank Rubio’s Year in Space

Sep 18, 2023

 

NASA astronaut Frank Rubio is set to return to Earth this fall after setting the record for the longest single spaceflight by a U.S. astronaut. He arrived at the International Space Station on Sept. 21, 2022, and returns home after 371 days in space. While on the orbiting lab, Rubio and his fellow crew members conducted dozens of scientific investigations and technology demonstrations.

 

Here’s a recap of Frank Rubio’s year-long scientific journey aboard the space station.

 

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/frank-rubio-year-in-space

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6F9o6LKpVA

Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 8:02 a.m. No.19582469   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2474 >>2600 >>2703

Powerful observatories reveal 5 breathtaking corners of the universe hidden to human eyes

Sep 18, 2023

 

Even if you were to theoretically travel to the darkest desert on Earth, wait until after sundown and peer up at the night sky, you wouldn't be able to see every star there is to see.

 

There'd be countless more scattered across the universe, hidden not just by distance but also because your eyes aren't built to perceive the signals they emit — unseeable signals like infrared light, radio waves and X-ray emissions. In fact, humans can only see a tiny fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum. It's a sliver known as the "visible light region."

 

But as Stephen Hawking once said, we brilliantly step past these limitations with "our minds and our machines" — and once again, our species has managed to live up to that phrase.

 

On Thursday (Sept. 14), scientists presented five new deep-space images captured in a variety of invisible-to-human wavelengths. It's a stunning collection of visuals that reveal some absolutely riveting corners of the cosmos. Each portrait is constructed with data collected by powerful telescopes, including NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope, the iconic James Webb Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope (to name just some).

 

Basically, these instruments are able to capture outflows of non-visible light radiation emanating from distant regions of space in such a way that scientists can take that information, overlay as necessary and turn it into images we can admire.

 

Now that we know what we're looking at, let's go through the lot.

 

The first image NASA highlights in a statement about the five pieces is titled the "Galactic Center." Sitting about 26,000 light-years from Earth, this is literally the center of the Milky Way galaxy that we live in. It contains a supermassive black hole, superheated clouds of gas, neutron stars (which are stellar beings so dense a tablespoon of one would equal something like the weight of Mount Everest) and other trippy things.

 

The reason it looks kind of blobby instead of swirly like you might imagine a galactic center to look is due to the fact that we are looking at it from within the galaxy. This internal perspective is actually one reason scientists with the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration selected M87, the black hole in one of our neighboring galaxies, as the subject of humanity's first black hole image instead of Sgr A, the one in the center of the Milky Way. It was easier to inspect the center of a galaxy that we can see panoramically. (The EHT team did eventually manage to get an image of Sgr A*. That was humanity's second black hole image).

 

In this view of the Milky Way's core, Chandra data leads the charge, its observations seen in orange, green, blue and purple.

 

NASA then moves on to Kepler's Supernova Remnant, which the agency says represents the remains of a white dwarf that exploded after undergoing a thermonuclear explosion.

 

White dwarfs are the dying cores of stars that once thrived and shined the way our sun currently does. Someday, our sun will become a white dwarf as well.

 

In this image, Chandra data is seen in blue and shows a "powerful blast wave that ripped through space after the detonation," NASA explains, while infrared data from Spitzer is seen in red, and optical light from the Hubble Space Telescope is seen in cyan and yellow. The latter two show debris of the destroyed star.

 

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Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 8:03 a.m. No.19582474   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2600 >>2703

>>19582469

To be clear, all the colors mentioned may not be easily discernible because of how scientists overlay certain bits of information. For instance, if you overlay yellow data with red data, you'd see more of an orange hue. If you'd like to see all the colors individually, however, here's a page on Chandra's website that shows you non-overlain images of the discussed portraits as well.

 

Next up, we have ESO 137-001, a galaxy that's moving through space at 1.5 million mph (2.4 million kph) while leaving two tails behind that are made of superheated gas.

 

Chandra observations capture this gas in blue, the VLT indicates hydrogen present in red and Hubble's optical and infrared data is shown in orange and cyan. (Yes, Hubble can collect infrared light like the James Webb Space Telescope, but the JWST is far better at it).

 

Keeping with the theme of galaxies, NASA then highlights the spiral galaxy NGC 1365 in a rather ghostly scene. This realm, according to the statement, contains a supermassive black hole that's being fed a steady stream of material.

 

Chandra observations, shown in purple to create that Barbie-esque glow, reveal some of that material yet to enter the void. The JWST's impressive infrared sensors had a hand in this visual as well, offering red, green and blue accents that are pretty difficult to see in this version.

 

For the final of the so-called "Fab Five" images, scientists offer a dreamy view of the aftermath of a collapsed star. This is the Vela Pulsar, spied by NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), Chandra and Hubble. These instruments' data are distributed in the light blue, purple and yellow, respectively.

 

But despite the "Fab Five" title, it's worth noting that these images may as well be collectively called the "Fab Million." That does sound a bit weird, but what I mean to say is it's really hard not to focus on the absolute wealth of stars, galaxies and who knows what else that's present in the background of these photos.

 

Every single one of those sparkles represents a cosmic marvel just as beautiful as the one we're seeing up close — in the way that every image we take of someone in public tends to have people in the background with lives as rich as our subject's.

 

Day by day, each of those sparkles seems to be coming to the forefront, thanks to our minds and our machines.

 

https://www.space.com/nasa-space-telescope-images-chandra-spitzer-james-webb

 

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Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 8:21 a.m. No.19582571   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2600 >>2703

World's 1st mountaintop impact crater discovered in northeastern China

Sep 19, 2023

 

A nearly mile-wide (1.6 kilometer) divot in a Chinese mountaintop is actually an impact crater from a long-ago meteorite landing.

 

The newly discovered crater, located in northeastern China not far from the North Korean border, is the first confirmed mountaintop crater on Earth. Researchers aren't sure when the impact happened, but it left a circular depression and split the mountaintop into two peaks, known as Front Baijifeng and Rear Baijifeng.

 

The mountain peaks are littered with rock fragments known locally as "celestial stone," which turns out to be a scientifically accurate moniker. According to a new study, published Sept. 1 in the journal Matter and Radiation at Extremes, rocks on the peaks bear the telltale shock patterns of an impact with a space object.

 

The researchers were intrigued by the shape of the depression between the mountain's two peaks, which spans about 4,593 feet (1,400 meters), and by the debris-like scattering of large sandstone fragments on the mountain.

 

They collected samples of sandstone and granite from the surface of the possible crater and examined the quartz minerals within. When shocked by huge amounts of heat and pressure, quartz deforms in a particular way, so the team looked for signs of such deformation. The researchers, led by Ming Chen and Ho-Kwang Mao of the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research in Shanghai, found dozens of examples of these deformations in thin slices of rock taken from the crater.

 

The granite that makes up the crater formed between 150 million and 172 million years ago, which means the impact must have happened after this period, but the exact timing remains unknown, according to the new paper. Weathering patterns at one of the only other two confirmed impact craters in China — the Yilan crater in Heilongjiang province — are similar to the patterns seen on Baijifeng, the researchers wrote, suggesting their ages might be similar.

 

Yilan crater, at 49,000 years old, is the largest impact crater under 100,000 years old ever found. The third impact crater in China, also confirmed by Chen, is called the Xiuyan crater, also in the country's northeast.

 

A very massive crater, known only from the scattered glassy rocks created by the impact that fell as far away as Australia, may also be buried beneath the desert in northwestern China, according to research published in August in the journal Scientific Reports. But scientists have yet to uncover its location.

 

https://www.space.com/earths-1st-mountaintop-impact-crater-discovered-northeastern-china

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/mre/article/8/5/058403/2909330/Discovery-of-the-Baijifeng-impact-structure-in?searchresult=1

Anonymous ID: 946eae Sept. 20, 2023, 8:29 a.m. No.19582605   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>2703

Solar Filament Eruption Captured with SUVI

September 19, 2023

 

On September 16, 2023, the Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI) instrument onboard GOES-East observed a large solar filament rippling off the face of the sun. Near the middle of this 24-hour imagery, there is a dark "flash." This was the satellite passing into the Earth's shadow. For the GOES satellites, there are two eclipse seasons; one in the fall (Aug/Sept) and one in the spring (March/April).

 

Filaments are cooler regions that can erupt and become a key source of space weather when the sun is active. These can sometimes produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs), hurtling huge tangled clouds of plasma and magnetic fields out into the solar system. The Space Weather Prediction Center uses satellite data to produce space weather forecasts to predict the impact solar storms can have on Earth. This particular event caused aurora borealis in the Northern Hemisphere.

 

The GOES-East geostationary satellite's high-resolution imagery provides optimal viewing of severe weather events. However, it doesn’t just view Earth. The satellite also carries a suite of instruments, such as SUVI and EXIS, that monitor the sun and detect approaching space weather hazards. SUVI is a telescope that takes images of the full sun in six extreme ultraviolet channels around the clock. Various elements in the atmosphere of the sun release light at specific wavelengths depending on their temperature, so by observing in several different wavelengths, it can give us a more complete picture of the sun’s upper atmospheric and underlying structure.

 

https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/solar-filament-eruption-captured-suvi