Quirites is the name of Roman citizens in their peacetime functions.[1] Its use excluded military statute. During the mutiny of his legions in 47 BC, Julius Caesar expressed the dismissal of his army by addressing them as Quirites, implying his soldiers had been returned to civilian life.
Latin Quirītis most likely stems from an earlier quiri-, although an etymology from queri- cannot be excluded in view of the sporadic assimilation of *e to an i in the following syllable. Its original meaning remains uncertain. According to linguist Michiel de Vaan, since the quirīs and Quirīnus are connected with Sabellic immigrants into Rome in ancient legends, it may be a loanword.[1] Ancient etymologies derived the term from the Sabine word for "spear",[2] or from the Sabine capitol of Cures, after the Sabine people were assimilated early in Roman history.[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirites
Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1 (1942), was a case of the United States Supreme Court that during World War II upheld the jurisdiction of a United States military tribunal over the trial of eight German saboteurs, in the United States.[1] Quirin has been cited as a precedent for the trial by military commission of unlawful combatants.
It was argued July 29 and 30, and decided July 31, with an extended opinion filed October 29, 1942.
This decision states in part that:
… the law of war draws a distinction between the armed forces and the peaceful populations of belligerent nations and also between those who are lawful and unlawful combatants. Lawful combatants are subject to capture and detention as prisoners of war by opposing military forces. Unlawful combatants are likewise subject to capture and detention, but in addition they are subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals for acts which render their belligerency unlawful. The spy who secretly and without uniform passes the military lines of a belligerent in time of war, seeking to gather military information and communicate it to the enemy, or an enemy combatant who without uniform comes secretly through the lines for the purpose of waging war by destruction of life or property, are familiar examples of belligerents who are generally deemed not to be entitled to the status of prisoners of war, but to be offenders against the law of war subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Quirin