TYB
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day
Jan 25, 2024
Jyväskylä in the Sky
You might not immediately recognize this street map of a neighborhood in Jyväskylä, Finland, planet Earth. But that's probably because the map was projected into the night sky and captured with an allsky camera on January 16. The temperature recorded on that northern winter night was around minus 20 degrees Celsius. As ice crystals formed in the atmosphere overhead, street lights spilling illumination into the sky above produced visible light pillars, their ethereal appearance due to specular reflections from the fluttering crystals' flat surfaces. Of course, the projected light pillars trace a map of the brightly lit local streets, though reversed right to left in the upward looking camera's view. This light pillar street map was seen to hover for hours in the Jyväskylä night.
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html?
NASA’s Hubble Finds Water Vapor in Small Exoplanet’s Atmosphere
JAN 25, 2024
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope observed the smallest exoplanet where water vapor has been detected in the atmosphere. At only approximately twice Earth's diameter, the planet GJ 9827d could be an example of potential planets with water-rich atmospheres elsewhere in our galaxy.
"This would be the first time that we can directly show through an atmospheric detection, that these planets with water-rich atmospheres can actually exist around other stars," said team member Björn Benneke of the Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets at Université de Montréal. "This is an important step toward determining the prevalence and diversity of atmospheres on rocky planets."
"Water on a planet this small is a landmark discovery," added co-principal investigator Laura Kreidberg of Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany. "It pushes closer than ever to characterizing truly Earth-like worlds."
However, it remains too early to tell whether Hubble spectroscopically measured a small amount of water vapor in a puffy hydrogen-rich atmosphere, or if the planet's atmosphere is mostly made of water, left behind after a primeval hydrogen/helium atmosphere evaporated under stellar radiation.
"Our observing program, led by principal investigator Ian Crossfield of Kansas University in Lawrence, Kansas, was designed specifically with the goal to not only detect the molecules in the planet's atmosphere, but to actually look specifically for water vapor. Either result would be exciting, whether water vapor is dominant or just a tiny species in a hydrogen-dominant atmosphere," said the science paper's lead author, Pierre-Alexis Roy of the Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets at Université de Montréal.
"Until now, we had not been able to directly detect the atmosphere of such a small planet. And we're slowly getting in this regime now," added Benneke. "At some point, as we study smaller planets, there must be a transition where there's no more hydrogen on these small worlds, and they have atmospheres more like Venus (which is dominated by carbon dioxide)."
Because the planet is as hot as Venus, at 800 degrees Fahrenheit, it definitely would be an inhospitable, steamy world if the atmosphere were predominantly water vapor.
At present the team is left with two possibilities. One scenario is that the planet is still clinging to a hydrogen-rich atmosphere laced with water, making it a mini-Neptune. Alternatively, it could be a warmer version of Jupiter's moon Europa, which has twice as much water as Earth beneath its crust." The planet GJ 9827d could be half water, half rock. And there would be a lot of water vapor on top of some smaller rocky body," said Benneke.
If the planet has a residual water-rich atmosphere, then it must have formed farther away from its host star, where the temperature is cold and water is available in the form of ice, than its present location. In this scenario, the planet would have then migrated closer to the star and received more radiation. The hydrogen was heated and escaped, or is still in the process of escaping the planet's weak gravity. The alternative theory is that the planet formed close to the hot star, with a trace of water in its atmosphere.
The Hubble program observed the planet during 11 transits – events in which the planet crossed in front of its star – that were spaced out over three years. During transits, starlight is filtered through the planet's atmosphere and has the spectral fingerprint of water molecules. If there are clouds on the planet, they are low enough in the atmosphere so that they don't completely hide Hubble's view of the atmosphere, and Hubble is able to probe water vapor above the clouds.
"Observing water is a gateway to finding other things," said Thomas Greene, astrophysicist at NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley. "This Hubble discovery opens the door to future study of these types of planets by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. JWST can see much more with additional infrared observations, including carbon-bearing molecules like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. Once we get a total inventory of a planet's elements, we can compare those to the star it orbits and understand how it was formed."
GJ 9827d was discovered by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope in 2017. It completes an orbit around a red dwarf star every 6.2 days. The star, GJ 9827, lies 97 light-years from Earth in the constellation Pisces.
https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-finds-water-vapor-in-small-exoplanets-atmosphere/
NASA System Predicts Impact of a Very Small Asteroid Over Germany
JAN 24, 2024
A small asteroid about 3 feet (1 meter) in size disintegrated harmlessly over Germany on Sunday, Jan. 21, at 1:32 a.m. local time (CET). At 95 minutes before it impacted Earth’s atmosphere, NASA’s Scout impact hazard assessment system, which monitors data on potential asteroid discoveries, gave advance warning as to where and when the asteroid would impact. This is the eighth time in history that a small Earth-bound asteroid has been detected while still in space, before entering and disintegrating in our atmosphere.
The asteroid’s impact produced a bright fireball, or bolide, which was seen from as far away as the Czech Republic and may have scattered small meteorites on the ground at the impact site about 37 miles (60 kilometers) west of Berlin. The asteroid was later designated 2024 BX1.
The asteroid 2024 BX1 was first observed less than three hours before its impact by Krisztián Sárneczky at Piszkéstető Mountain Station of the Konkoly Observatory near Budapest, Hungary. These early observations were reported to the Minor Planet Center – the internationally recognized clearinghouse for the position measurements of small solar system bodies – and automatically posted on the center’s Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page so that other astronomers could make additional observations.
Scout, which was developed and is operated by the Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, automatically fetched the new data from that page, deducing the object’s possible trajectory and chances of impacting Earth. CNEOS calculates the orbit of every known NEO to provide assessments of potential impact hazards for the Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
With three observations posted to the confirmation page over 27 minutes, Scout initially identified that an impact was possible and that additional observations were urgently needed. As astronomers across Europe reported new data to the Minor Planet Center, the asteroid’s trajectory became better known and the probability of its impacting Earth significantly increased.
Seventy minutes after 2024 BX1 was first spotted, Scout reported a 100% probability of Earth impact and began to narrow down the location and time. As tracking continued and more data became available over the next hour, Scout improved estimates of the time and location. Since the asteroid disintegrated over a relatively populated part of the world, many photos and videos of the fireball were posted online minutes after the event.
https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/asteroids/nasa-system-predicts-impact-of-a-very-small-asteroid-over-germany/
Shrinking Moon Causing Moonquakes and Faults Near Lunar South Pole
JAN 25, 2024
As NASA continues to make progress toward sending astronauts to the lunar South Pole region with its Artemis campaign, data from a NASA-funded study is helping scientists better understand this strategic part of the Moon. The study presents evidence that moonquakes and faults generated as the Moon’s interior gradually cools and shrinks are also found near and within some of the areas the agency identified as candidate landing regions for Artemis III, the first Artemis mission planned to have a crewed lunar landing.
The formation of the faults is accompanied by seismic activity in the form of shallow-depth moonquakes. Such shallow moonquakes were recorded by the Apollo Passive Seismic Network, a series of seismometers deployed by the Apollo astronauts. The strongest recorded shallow moonquake had an epicenter in the south-polar region. One young thrust-fault scarp, located within the de Gerlache Rim 2, an Artemis III candidate landing region, is modeled in the study and shows that the formation of this fault scarp could have been associated with a moonquake of the recorded magnitude.
The team also modeled the stability of surface slopes in the lunar south polar region and found that some areas are susceptible to regolith landslides from even light seismic shaking, including areas in some permanently shadowed regions. These areas are of interest due to the resources that might be found there, such as ice.
“To better understand the seismic hazard posed to future human activities on the Moon, we need new seismic data, not just at the South Pole, but globally,” said Renee Weber, a co-author of the paper at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. “Missions like the upcoming Farside Seismic Suite will expand upon measurements made during Apollo and add to our knowledge of global seismicity.”
“LRO is committed to acquiring data of the lunar surface to aid scientists in understanding important features such as thrust faults,” said LRO Deputy Project Scientist Maria Banks of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, a co-author of the paper. “This study is a good demonstration of one of the many ways in which LRO data is being used to assist planning for our return to the Moon.”
This research was funded by NASA’s LRO mission, launched on June 18, 2009. LRO is managed by NASA Goddard for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. With Artemis missions, NASA is exploring the Moon for scientific discovery, technology advancement, and to learn how to live and work on another world as we prepare for human missions to Mars. We will collaborate with commercial and international partners and establish the first long-term presence on the Moon. NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon, using innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before.
https://www.nasa.gov/earth/moon/shrinking-moon-causing-moonquakes-and-faults-near-lunar-south-pole/
The 1st full moon of 2024 rises tonight with January's Full Wolf Moon
Jan 25, 2024
It's a great night to get out and howl at the moon.
January's Full Wolf Moon rises on Thursday (Jan. 25), marking the first full moon of 2024. The moon will appear between the claws of the Cancer constellation, otherwise known as "the Crab."
The moon will be visible for the whole of tonight, appearing in the east just as the sun sets in the west. That's because during full moons, the sun and the moon are directly opposite one another, separated by 180 degrees across the ecliptic, the imaginary path the sun makes as it travels across the sky. In the middle of this separation lies Earth.
While clear skies will hopefully allow you to bask in the light of the full moon, weather is known to be uncooperative for skywatchers. Luckily, however, if you have a cloudy night in your area, you can watch the Full Wolf Moon online thanks to a free livestream from astronomer Gianluca Masi of The Virtual Telescope Project. The webcast will start at 3:30 p.m. EST (2030 GMT) on Thursday (Jan. 25). Just note that the livestream is weather-dependent itself and could be called off if conditions aren't ideal from where it's filmed.
Following tonight's Full Wolf Moon, the illuminated portion of the moon's face will begin to get smaller, or wane, as it approaches the next new moon phase which occurs on Feb. 9, 2024.
February's new moon will mark the beginning of a new lunar year, an event celebrated by cultures worldwide. In China, this full moon is referred to as the "preserved moon" which refers to preserving foods for the spring festival celebrated at lunar new year.
Among the Cree peoples of North America, it's known as the "Frost Exploding Moon." Meanwhile, the Ojibwe people of southern Canada and the northern Midwestern United States called it Mnido Giizis, or the "Spirit Moon." For that matter, January's full moon is called the Wolf Moon in some cultures because, according to Farmer's Almanac, Europeans and Colonial Americans would hear wolves howling outside of villages during this time of year.
https://www.space.com/full-wolf-moon-january-2024
NASA to Observe Day of Remembrance
Jan. 22, 2024
In honor of the members of the NASA family who lost their lives while furthering the cause of exploration and discovery for the benefit all, the agency will host its annual Day of Remembrance Thursday, Jan. 25. Traditionally held on the fourth Thursday in January each year, NASA Day of Remembrance will commemorate the crews of Apollo 1 and space shuttles Challenger and Columbia.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and Associate Administrator Jim Free also will host a town hall at the agency’s headquarters in Washington at 1 p.m. EST on Tuesday, Jan. 23.
In a dialogue with employees, the leaders will highlight how NASA safety is the cornerstone to achieving mission success. The town hall will air live on the NASA+ streaming service. Coverage also will air live on NASA Television and the agency’s website. Learn how to stream NASA TV through a variety of platforms, including social media.
On Jan. 25, Nelson will lead an observance with Melroy and Free at 1 p.m. EST at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, which will begin with a traditional wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, followed by observances for the Apollo 1, Challenger, and Columbia crews.
“Our annual Day of Remembrance honors the sacrifice of the NASA family who lost their lives in the pursuit of discovery,” said Nelson. “While it is a solemn day, we are forever thankful that our fallen heroes shared their spirt of exploration with NASA, our country, and the world. Today, and every day, we embrace NASA’s core value of safety as we expand our reach in the cosmos for the benefit of all humanity.”
The administrator will send an agencywide message to employees. Additional agency centers also will hold observances for NASA Day of Remembrance:
https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-to-observe-day-of-remembrance-host-employee-safety-town-hall/
NASA Collaborating on European-led Gravitational Wave Observatory in Space
Jan 25, 2024
The first space-based observatory designed to detect gravitational waves has passed a major review and will proceed to the construction of flight hardware. On Jan. 25, ESA (European Space Agency), announced the formal adoption of LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, to its mission lineup, with launch slated for the mid-2030s. ESA leads the mission, with NASA serving as a collaborative partner.
“In 2015, the ground-based LIGO observatory cracked open the window into gravitational waves, disturbances that sweep across space-time, the fabric of our universe,” said Mark Clampin, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “LISA will give us a panoramic view, allowing us to observe a broad range of sources both within our galaxy and far, far beyond it. We’re proud to be part of this international effort to open new avenues to explore the secrets of the universe.”
NASA will provide several key components of LISA’s instrument suite along with science and engineering support. NASA contributions include lasers, telescopes, and devices to reduce disturbances from electromagnetic charges. LISA will use this equipment as it measures precise distance changes, caused by gravitational waves, over millions of miles in space. ESA will provide the spacecraft and oversee the international team during the development and operation of the mission.
Gravitational waves were predicted by Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity more than a century ago. They are produced by accelerating masses, such as a pair of orbiting black holes. Because these waves remove orbital energy, the distance between the objects gradually shrinks over millions of years, and they ultimately merge.
These ripples in the fabric of space went undetected until 2015, when LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, measured gravitational waves from the merger of two black holes. This discovery furthered a new field of science called “multimessenger astronomy” in which gravitational waves could be used in conjunction with the other cosmic “messengers” – light and particles – to observe the universe in new ways.
Along with other ground-based facilities, LIGO has since observed dozens more black hole mergers, as well as mergers of neutron stars and neutron star-black hole systems. So far, the black holes detected through gravitational waves have been relatively small, with masses of tens to perhaps a hundred times that of our Sun. But scientists think that mergers of much more massive black holes were common when the universe was young, and only a space-based observatory could be sensitive to gravitational waves from them.
“LISA is designed to sense low-frequency gravitational waves that instruments on Earth cannot detect,” said Ira Thorpe, the NASA study scientist for the mission at the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “These sources encompass tens of thousands of small binary systems in our own galaxy, as well as massive black holes merging as galaxies collided in the early universe.”
LISA will consist of three spacecraft flying in a vast triangular formation that follows Earth in its orbit around the Sun. Each arm of the triangle stretches 1.6 million miles (2.5 million kilometers). The spacecraft will track internal test masses affected only by gravity. At the same time, they’ll continuously fire lasers to measure their separations to within a span smaller than the size of a helium atom. Gravitational waves from sources throughout the universe will produce oscillations in the lengths of the triangle’s arms, and LISA will capture these changes.
https://science.nasa.gov/gravitational-waves/nasa-collaborating-on-european-led-gravitational-wave-observatory-in-space/
The Marshall Star for January 24, 2024
CONTENTS
NASA’s IXPE Team Awarded Prestigious Rossi Prize
National Mentoring Month: The Right Type of Mentorship with Erika Alvarez and Dave Reynolds
Larry Leopard Named Acting Director of Marshall’s Engineering Directorate
I Am Artemis: Erick Holsonback
Mission Success is in Our Hands: Greg Drayer
NASA Continues Artemis Moon Rocket Engine Tests with First Hot Fire of 2024
Station Crew Assists Ax-3 on Advanced Space Research
NASA’S OSIRIS-REx Curation Team Reveals Remaining Asteroid Sample
https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/marshall/the-marshall-star-for-january-24-2024/
Japan's SLIM moon lander photographed on the lunar surface — on its nose
Jan 25, 2024
Japan just got an epic new photo to put in its space exploration scrapbook.
The country's SLIM spacecraft landed on the moon on Jan. 19, making Japan just the fifth nation ever to pull off a soft lunar touchdown. And a new photo provides visual evidence of that success, showing SLIM resting on the gray dirt, albeit on its nose.
The photo, which the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) released on Wednesday night (Jan. 24), was taken by a ball-shaped robot called LEV-2 ("Lunar Exploration Vehicle-2") also known as SORA-Q, one of two tiny rovers that flew to the moon aboard SLIM.
"With this, SORA-Q became the first Japanese robot to land on the moon and take pictures," Kintaro Toyama, chairman and representative director of the Japanese toy company Takara Tomy, which developed LEV-2 with JAXA, Sony and Doshisha University, said in a statement (in Japanese; translation provided by Google).
"This success is thanks to everyone involved and everyone who supported us as we pursued our dreams together," Toyama added. "Thank you from the bottom of my heart."
SLIM (short for "Smart Lander for Investigating Moon") is a demonstrator spacecraft, designed to showcase the technology needed to make super-precise planetary landings. It launched last September, along with an X-ray space telescope called XRISM, which settled into low Earth orbit.
SLIM reached lunar orbit on Christmas Day, then made its historic descent to the lunar surface on Jan. 19. Things didn't go entirely to plan that day, however; SLIM's handlers couldn't confirm its status immediately after touchdown and eventually determined that its solar panels weren't generating electricity.
The newly released photo shows why that may be: SLIM came to rest on its head, which was not the desired orientation. So the lander hasn't been able to harvest sunlight as expected.
But the fact that the photo made it down to mission control shows that its bantam daughter craft — LEV-2 and LEV-1 — deployed from SLIM during the descent as planned and operated successfully on the lunar surface.
"This image was transferred to the ground via LEV-1, and it was confirmed that the communication function between LEV-1 and LEV-2 was operating normally," JAXA officials wrote in the same statement.
"Additionally, since LEV-2 was deformed from its spherical state in its stored state, we were also able to confirm that it was successfully deployed and driven on the lunar surface after being released from SLIM," they added. (The tennis-ball-sized LEV-2 was designed to shift from a spherical shape into two halves, then crawl around on the moon.)
On Monday (Jan. 21), JAXA said that SLIM remains alive, though silent, on the lunar surface, and its handlers are preparing for a possible recovery of the lander.
The agency provided another update Wednesday night U.S. West Coast time (Thursday afternoon, Jan. 25, Japan time) during a press conference held in Japanese. The mission team still holds out some hope for a SLIM revival, at least until Feb. 1, when the sun will set at the probe's landing site, according to Dawoon Jung, a lunar mission engineer at the Korea Aerospace Research Institute who live-tweeted Wednesday night's press conference.
Regardless of what happens from here on out, however, Japan now has lunar-surface bona fides, thanks to SLIM and its two little traveling companions.
https://www.space.com/japan-slim-moon-lander-photo-lunar-surface
Inside the ‘underwater space station’ designed to house aquanauts
Jan 24, 2024 at 9:13PM
The grandson of ocean explorer, Jacques Cousteau, is building a network of ocean floor research stations likened to an ‘underwater space station’.
Scheduled to be completed by 2025, the first station of the project, named Proteus, will lie beneath the waves off the coast of Curaçao.
Fabien Cousteau’s vision for how humans can live and work in the ocean long-term centers around underwater habitats.
But rather than the sealed and submarine-like bubbles that might immediately spring to mind – this is like nothing you’ve seen before.
The constructions are designed to look and feel just like houses on land.
These homely spaces feature a galley, kitchen, workspace, and sleeping quarters.
As a bonus, they also have windows to the stunning underwater world outside.
The ‘front door’ comes in the form of a moon pool.
It will sit on the bottom of the house to allow easy access in and out.
“It’s very different from a submarine. A submarine is a bubble. Proteus and the deeper water station will not technically be pressure vessels,” Cousteau says.
“The ambient pressure inside will be the same as the pressure outside. A pressure vessel is when you have a differential in pressure inside versus outside.”
He compares it to taking an upside-down cup and pushing it down into water.
Instead of water filling the cup, an interior air bubble forms.
That’s because the pressures inside and outside of the vessel are balanced.
This would be useful for Proteus’ SCUBA-diving inhabitants.
The need to adjust to differing pressures inside and outside are eliminated.
It’s being viewed as the marine analog to the International Space Station.
But instead of astronauts living there, it would house aquanauts.
In fact, much of Proteus’ technology is similar to space technology.
And there’s much to research below the waves with this ancient underwater ‘pyramid’ only just discovered.
The first unit off of Curaçao will sit in a marine-protected area at around 18.3 m (60 ft) below sea level.
“An underwater lab gives us the ability to stay underwater for extended periods of time,” says Cousteau.
A regular scuba diver descending to a depth of 60 feet can only stay underwater for an hour or so because of rapid changes in pressure.
The ‘underwater space station’ allows researchers to collect data all day every day.
This man who lived underwater for 100 days had ‘life glitch’ transformation.
It’s not dissimilar to changes faced by returning astronauts as they’re said to return to Earth as ‘different people’.
Proteus Ocean Group is a private company which would operate and run the site.
Additional sites for the Proteus network are being sought out in waters surrounding Europe and the US.
The seafloor has been 3D mapped to aid construction.
If everything goes as scheduled, alongside a connected deeper water satellite station, Proteus is expected to be installed underwater by the end of 2025.
A land-based mission control station will sit alongside the ‘underwater space station’.
Forbes puts the price for building the ‘underwater space station’ at $135 million.
While it sounds revolutionary, Cousteau’s famous grandfather was actually one of the first to pioneer underwater dwellings in thee 1960s.
According to The History of Diving Museum, over 60 seafloor habitats have been built in history.
Most of them have been left abandoned.
Aside from research opportunities, it’s believed there’s an opportunity for underwater tourism that’s “more attainable” than space travel.
https://supercarblondie.com/inside-underwater-space-station-designed-house-aquanauts/
Belgium signs Artemis Accords
January 23, 2024
Belgium has signed the Artemis Accords outlining best practices for responsible behavior in space exploration, becoming the latest major European space power to join.
In a ceremony on the sidelines of the European Space Conference in Brussels Jan. 23, Hadja Lahbib, Belgium’s minister of foreign affairs, and Thomas Dermine, secretary of state for science policy, signed the Artemis Accords on behalf of the Belgian government. Belgium is the 34th country overall, and first so far in 2024, to sign the document.
The Artemis Accords, unveiled by the United States in 2020, outline best practices for responsible behavior in space exploration, building upon the principles in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 and other agreements. The non-binding document describes procedures signatories should follow in areas ranging from registration of space objects and release of scientific data to utilization of space resources and deconfliction of space activities.
“The signing of the Artemis Accords reflects our ongoing commitment to sustainable and responsible space, and will strengthen our ties with international partners,” Lahbib said in a statement. “It will also open up new economic opportunities for our companies, which have world-renowned expertise in the space sector.”
“Signing up to the Artemis Accords is part of our cooperation approach and will enable Belgium to join the working group of states that have also signed up to the accords,” Dermine said in the statement.
He added that signing the Accords “is also a necessary and important condition for the possible participation of a Belgian astronaut in a mission under the Artemis program” of human lunar exploration. There is currently one Belgian astronaut in ESA, Raphaël Liégeois, who was selected in the agency’s 2022 class.
Belgium is a major contributor to the European Space Agency, pledging 946 million euros ($1.03 billion) over three years at the 2022 ministerial meeting, the fifth largest among member states after Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. It had been the largest ESA contributor who had not joined the Artemis Accords.
With Belgium’s signing, 12 of ESA’s 22 member states have joined the Artemis Accords, along with 11 of the 27 European Union member states.
“I’m thrilled for Belgium to become the first nation in 2024 to sign the Artemis Accords,” said Mike Gold, chief growth officer at Redwire and a former NASA official who helped spearhead development of the Accords. He noted that Redwire has a facility in Belgium near Antwerp, the former QinetiQ Space, that is building a docking mechanism for the lunar Gateway’s I-Hab international habitation module, “so it can be said that Belgium is literally working to unite Artemis Accords nations.”
https://spacenews.com/belgium-signs-artemis-accords/
Attorney General Ken Paxton reacts to SCOTUS | The Roseanne Barr Podcast #32
Jan 25, 2024
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton joins Roseanne to discuss the shocking Supreme Court ruling that stripped Texas of the ability to protect its citizens from an open border. He raises the alarm about the dangers of allowing the cartel to import fentanyl, human and child sex trafficking victims and military aged men from god knows where at unprecedented rates.
He also talks about overcoming the Bush family funded impeachment sham and updates Roseanne and Jake on the status of his many lawsuits against the Biden Crime syndicate.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOidYuH2Pg
>William Blake