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Amazon's Project Kuiper is a program to launch more than 3,000 satellites into orbit to compete with other internet-from-space rivals, such as Elon Musk's Starlink. The project uses optical inter-satellite link (OISL) technology to create a mesh network that blankets Earth. The first two demonstration satellites launched on October 6, 2023 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The satellites have infrared lasers that have transferred data at 100 gigabits per second. The system has been successfully tested in orbit, maintaining data transmission speeds of 100 gigabits per second over a distance of nearly 621 miles (1,000 kilometers).
3,236 satellites operating in 98 orbital planes in three orbital shells
Standard customer terminal measuring less than 11 inches square and 1 inch thick
Ultra-compact design 7-inch square customer terminal weighing one pound
The project aims to use cheaper, lighter, and less likely to fail components. OISL is attractive because it allows satellites to relay data back and forth over wide swaths of the planet where no ground stations exist. For example, satellites can relay data in the middle of the ocean.
Amazon will use SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket for three launches beginning in 2025, transporting some of Amazon's Project Kuiper internet satellites into space. The Federal Communications Commission requires that Amazon deploy half of its planned 3,236 satellites in orbit by July 2026