Canada #60 >>21078548

Chemicals From East Palestine Train Disaster Spread To 16 States and Likely Canada: Study

June 24, 2024

Toxic chemicals released during fires following the Norfolk Southern train derailment in Ohio last year spread to 16 states and likely Canada, according to a study released Wednesday.

The pollution, some of which came from the burning of vinyl chloride, a carcinogen, spread over 540,000 square miles, showing clearly that “the impacts of the fire were larger in scale and scope than the initial predictions,” the authors of the study, published in Environmental Research Letters, found.

Lead author David Gay, coordinator of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, said that he was very surprised by the way the chemicals had spread. “I didn’t expect to see an impact this far out,” he told The Washington Post.

not melting steel or eating paint off buildings”—but that they were still “very extreme” compared to normal, with measurements higher than recorded in the previous ten years.

“I think we should be concerned,” Juliane Beier, an expert on vinyl chloride effects who didn’t take part in the study, told the Post, citing the possibility of long-term environmental impacts on communities.

A Norfolk Southern train crashed in East Palestine, Ohio, a village near the Pennsylvania border and the Appalachian foothills, on February 3, 2023. Dozens of train cars derailed, at least 11 of which were carrying hazardous materials, some of which caught fire after the accident and burned for days. Fearing a large-scale explosion, authorities drained the vinyl chloride from five cars into a trench and set it alight in a controlled burn.

A former U.S. Environmental Protection Agency official later said that the controlled burn went against EPA rules; the head of the National Transportation Safety Board said the deliberate burning was unnecessary.

The local impact of the fires was felt acutely in the month after the accident—a “potent chemical odor hung in the air for weeks,” according toThe Guardian, and people reported nausea, rashes, and headaches.

The new study helps explain the wider environmental impact. The researchers looked at inorganic compound samples in rain and snow at 260 sites. The highest levels of chloride were found in northern Pennsylvania and near the Canada-New York border, which was downwind from the accident.

The authors also found “exceptionally high” pH levels in rain as far away as northern Maine. They did not look at organic compounds such as dioxin or PFAS, which likely also spread following the accident, The Guardian reported. The elevated inorganic chemical levels dropped two to three weeks after the accident.

Norfolk Southern has agreed to pay nearly $1 billion in damages following two settlements reached in recent months. In April, the company reached a $600 million deal with class action plaintiffs living within 20 miles of the derailment site. That deal won’t be finalized until the residents officially agree. In May, the company reached a separate $310 million settlement with the federal government. The company has said that it has already spent $107 million on community support and removed the impacted soil.

More:

https://www.activistpost.com/2024/06/chemicals-from-east-palestine-train-disaster-spread-to-16-states-and-likely-canada-study.html

>>21078911

Interesting pic, posted for the tenth time. I notice in the lower right corner there's an ambulance. Looks to me like guy got wounded, no medic with the unit, so they did a meet up with the medical types.

>>21078936

Try reading the Notables at the top of the bread sometime

General Research #25836

>>21074871 Violence erupts into absolute chaos between pro-Palestinian protesters attempting to block a Jewish synagogue entrance in Los Angeles

>>21078942

> lab-grown human brains

Or bought from Planned Parenthood

Live-action movie "Ghost in the Shell"

Before that a book titled "Demon 4" where a sub is controlled by a partial brain taken from somebody wounded in the aftermath of WW3

I recall anons saying more than once [they] announce what they intend to via Hollyweird

>>21079046

only 3 tons?

The Tallboy and Grand Slam Earthquake Bombs – More of Barnes Wallis’ Crazy Inventions

Apr 6, 2021 Jesse Beckett, Guest Author

During the war Allied bombs were designed to carry as much explosive filling as possible, to maximize the potential damage they could cause and the amount of explosive carried by each bomber. In order to do this, the shell of the bomb had to be much thinner to offset the added weight of the filling. This type of ordnance was great for general purpose work like destroying light defences and ordinary structures like factories and railyards.

When it came to destroying reinforced constructs, these bombs were much less affective. Their thin skins offered little penetrating power, and most of the blast would dissipate outwards away from the target.

This was especially problematic against German bunkers, which were renowned for their incredible durability and levels of protection. Some of these, like the submarine pens at Saint-Nazaire, were protected by an 8 meter thick steel reinforced concrete roof. Another complex in France named La Coupole was covered by a 55,000 ton concrete dome 5 meters thick.

Conventional munitions simply had no chance against these fortifications. Luckily, British mad-scientist Barnes Wallis had a solution; to build an earthquake bomb of course!

Wallis suggested the idea in 1941, which originally consisted of a 10 ton bomb that was meant to slightly miss the target, burrowing its way deep into the earth and exploding after a short delay. The explosion of the device wasn’t meant to blow up the target like conventional bombs, but to rock its foundations, permanently damaging the structure beyond repair. Alternatively, a small cavern would be created, with the target falling into it and again damaging its foundations.

The entire concept relied on the fact that the earth transfers shockwaves much more efficiently than air.

From a distance, the work of an earthquake bomb on a structure may not seem as impressive as outright obliteration, but don’t let that mislead you from its effectiveness. A penetrating hit and subsequent explosion on a bunker will only damage the void it enters, allowing it to later be repaired and re-used.

A bunker that has been damaged at its foundations will be permanently destroyed, as even a small degree of offset can misalign sensitive equipment, piping and weaken it entirely.

To actually carry this out, Wallis designed the Tallboy, a huge, sleek bomb weighing 12,000 lbs (6 tons).

The bomb was filled with 2.6 tons of Torpex, an explosive 50% more powerful than TNT and ideal for the task, as aluminium powder in the compound extended the expansion time of the explosion, giving it an advantage in generating a longer pulse to be transferred through the ground.

The filling was the easy part, though. It was getting that filling deep into the ground without disintegrating on impact that was the difficult bit. This was solved with a hardened, aerodynamic, high-tensile steel shell to contain the explosives. Behind this was a long tail topped with angled fins to spin the Tallboy as it fell, using the gyroscopic affect to improve its stability. Overall, the bomb was 6.4 m (21 ft) long.

The size and weight of the bomb meant it could only be carried by the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber, which still needed modifications to the bomb bay doors and removal of armor plating and defensive guns.

The bomb needed to reach immense speeds to penetrate deep into the soil or rock below, so it had to to be dropped from 18,000 ft. On its way down, the Tallboy would reach 750 mph, just shy of the sound barrier. After hitting the ground, multiple fuses guaranteed the Tallboys detonation, and could be set to explode 30 seconds or 30 minutes after impact. The resulting explosion was capable of leaving a crater 24 meters deep and 30 meters wide.

The precise engineering and handmade manufacture of the bomb meant it was expensive, and bomber crews were instructed to bring it home if it wasn’t used, instead of ditching it like other ordnance.

It was first used in June 1944 against the Saumur rail tunnel, where it successfully penetrated 18 meters of soil before exploding, completely blocking the tunnel. The massive Blockhaus d’Éperlecques bunker under construction near Pas-de-Calais was also attacked with Tallboys. The nearest landed almost 50 meters away, but still damaged the mostly-complete bunker so severely its construction was ceased.

The La Coupole complex mentioned above was also put out of action by Tallboys. They were used on many occasions throughout the war, rarely meeting anything that could resist their tremendous power.

For anything that could, the RAF had the Tallboy’s bigger brother, the 22,000 lb Grand Slam bomb, nicknamed the Ten Ton Tess.

Work on the Grand Slam began in 1943 when it was realised the Lancaster was capable of carrying an even heavier bomb. They contained almost 5 tons of Torpex within their hardened chrome-molybdenum casings, and could destroy virtually any of Germany’s bunkers. The Lancaster carrying it had be significantly modified, and had a noticeable bend in its wings until it was released. After release, the aircraft would quickly rise 200-300 ft in the air.

Like the Tallboy, the Grand Slam would almost break the sound barrier on its way down, and penetrate deep into the earth before exploding. The Grand Slam was intended more for concrete penetration than the Tallboy.

The Tallboy continued life after the war as the T-10, later renamed to the M-121, a US built version that was planned to be used against tough defences on the Japanese mainland before their surrender. It was later used in the Korean war by B-29 bombers, remaining in production until 1955.

The left over bombs were placed into storage, but were later used in the Vietnam war without their tails to clear large areas of jungle for landing helicopters. The last one was dropped by a C-130 in 1969.

More:

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/tallboy.html

>>21079002

Yeah, and "informationliberation" is totally unbiased

>>21078837

I know War

Please try bullshit in my County

btw, "Civil War" is no longer being talked about. The word is "revolution" and it's being planned and practiced for every weekend

Nice costume you're wearing, now shut your dick holster

>>21079243

Think again