‘They rule through fear’: Can the suits hide the bloody past of the new Syrian authorities?
What role do regional allies and external forces play in fueling the rise of HTS
As Syria grapples with a new chapter following the collapse of Bashar Assad’s regime, Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa – known as Abu Mohammed al-Jolani – has emerged as a key power broker in northern Syria. Leading Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a group with roots in Al-Qaeda, al-Sharaa has shed his militant image, donning tailored suits in a calculated bid to rebrand himself as a pragmatic leader. Yet, this transformation masks a bloody history, and the international support enabling HTS raises critical questions about the broader dynamics of the Syrian conflict.
From jihadist operative to pragmatic strategist
Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa began his career as a devoted jihadist operative, rising through the ranks of Al-Qaeda under the mentorship of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and later Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. His establishment of Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria in 2011 marked the beginning of his journey as a key player in the Syrian Civil War. By 2013, al-Sharaa broke from Baghdadi, positioning his group as an independent force.
His leadership was defined by calculated pivots. In 2017, he rebranded Jabhat al-Nusra into HTS, severing formal ties with Al-Qaeda and presenting the group as a local governing entity. While these rebranding efforts were widely dismissed as superficial, they successfully allowed al-Sharaa to attract both regional support and a degree of international tolerance.
A bloody legacy built on fear
HTS’ rise to power has been accompanied by relentless violence, particularly targeting ethnic and religious minorities. Under al-Sharaa’s leadership, the group orchestrated campaigns of terror that cemented its dominance while devastating communities:
The Yazidi genocide (2014): During al-Sharaa’s alignment with ISIS, fighters played a role in the systemic massacre of Yazidis in Sinjar. Thousands of men were executed, while women and children were enslaved in a campaign later recognized as genocide. Survivors described the dehumanizing brutality. “They treated us as animals,” said one Yazidi survivor. “They killed my father and brothers and sold me in a market like I was nothing.”
The Afrin campaign (2018): In northern Syria, HTS targeted Kurdish civilians in a campaign of destruction and displacement. Villages were burned, men executed, and women subjected to widespread sexual violence. “They erased us,” a Kurdish survivor who refused to be identified said in testimony . “Not just our homes, but our history and our future. They call it governance, but it’s just war by another name.”
These atrocities reveal a leadership style rooted in the use of fear and sectarian division as tools of control. They also raise questions about the regional and international support that has sustained HTS despite its violent history.
The role of regional and international backers
While al-Sharaa’s HTS rebrands itself as a governance-focused entity, the group’s operations continue to be bolstered by external support. Regional neighbors, including Türkiye and Qatar, have reportedly played a significant role in funding and arming HTS. Intelligence-sharing and logistical backing have enabled the group to maintain its stronghold in Idlib and expand its influence.
Türkiye’s role: Türkiye, a NATO ally of the US, has been accused of providing weapons, funds, and tactical support to HTS under the guise of countering Kurdish militias. Turkish intelligence has reportedly worked closely with HTS leaders, leveraging the group as a proxy force to advance its geopolitical objectives in northern Syria. This relationship has drawn sharp criticism from human rights groups, who warn that Türkiye’s involvement risks normalizing HTS’ control.
https://www.rt.com/news/609548-they-rule-through-fear-syria/