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Munchausen syndrome is a rare type of mental disorder where a patient fakes illness to gain attention and sympathy. It's hard to diagnose because many other conditions need to be ruled out first. Treatment aims to manage rather than cure the condition, but is rarely successful.
Factitious disorder symptoms involve people trying to look ill, making themselves ill or hurting themselves. They also may fake symptoms, make symptoms seem … >>22192554
Factitious disorder - Symptoms and causes
Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org › … › Diseases & Conditions
Factitious disorder symptoms involve people trying to look ill, making themselves ill or hurting themselves. They also may fake symptoms, make symptoms seem …
Overview - Munchausen syndrome
nhs.uk
https://www.nhs.uk › … › Munchausen syndrome
Munchausen syndrome is a psychological condition where someone pretends to be ill or deliberately produces symptoms of illness in themselves.
Factitious Disorders: What Are They, Symptoms, Treatment …
Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org › health › diseases › 983…
Factitious disorders happen when you pretend to be sick or have symptoms to make others believe you or someone in your care is ill.
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen …
Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org › health › diseases › 983…
Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly known as Munchausen syndrome, is a mental health condition where you falsify an illness or symptoms.
Discussions and forums
What is the name for someone who fakes illnesses or purposely makes …
Quora ·
10+ answers
· 7 months ago
The first thing that's mentioned, faking illnesses for the sole purpose of attention or advantage, is malingering. Malingering isn't a mental … More
What are the signs that someone may be faking mental health issues …
Quora ·
1 answer
· 1 year ago
Dying for Attention: Faking Illness Becomes an Online …
WebMD
https://www.webmd.com › Mental Health › Feature Stories
Jul 20, 2022 — A recent surge in factitious disorder has taken place online, and it appears to be due largely to TikTok.
When Someone Is Faking Illness for Attention, How Can …
Bridges to Recovery
https://www.bridgestorecovery.com › Blog
Aug 7, 2018 — Someone with factitious disorder seeks attention through perceived physical distress.
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self - Mental Health …
Merck Manuals
https://www.merckmanuals.com › mental-health-disorders
Faking an illness may be a way to increase or protect self-esteem by blaming social or work problems on their illness, by being associated with prestigious …
Munchausen's syndrome
NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot › … › Mental health
May 3, 2023 — Learn about Munchausen's syndrome, a rare condition in which somebody fabricates or induces symptoms of illness in themselves.
Factitious disorders are mental health conditions in which individuals intentionally fabricate or induce physical or psychological symptoms to gain attention or sympathy. There are two main types of factitious disorders:
-
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome):
Individuals intentionally create or exaggerate physical or mental health problems in themselves.
They may fake symptoms, take medications without a prescription, or injure themselves.
-
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy):
Individuals fabricate or induce symptoms in another person, typically a child or dependent adult.
They may give the person false medical histories, administer harmful substances, or cause injuries.
Other Forms of Factitious Disorders:
Ganser Syndrome:
A rare condition in which individuals experience real but unexplained physical symptoms, such as blindness, paralysis, or seizures.
Hysteria:
An outdated term that sometimes referred to a form of factitious disorder involving exaggerated or fabricated physical symptoms.
It's important to note that factitious disorders are serious mental health conditions that require professional treatment. If you or someone you know may be experiencing symptoms of a factitious disorder, seek help from a qualified healthcare professional.
There are four main types of factitious disorders, including:
Factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms: In this condition, the individual exhibits symptoms similar to schizophrenia. They may present with the following symptoms:
Confusion
Hallucinations
Bizarre behavior
Hearing unusual voices
Experience of sensing things that are not there
Ganser syndrome or prison psychosis (a condition characterized by short-term episodes of bizarre behavior similar to people with serious mental illness)
Factitious disorder with mostly physical symptoms: This condition is also known as Munchausen syndrome. People claim to have physical symptoms, such as:
Chest pain
Stomach problems
Fever
Factitious disorder with both psychological and physical symptoms: People with these disorder manifest symptoms of both physical and mental illness.
Factitious disorder not otherwise specified or factitious disorder by proxy involves a parent claiming that their child or aged parent has psychological or physical symptoms that need medical attention.
What is a factitious disorder?
Factitious disorder is a psychological condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness. In this condition, the person makes up symptoms or exaggerates the symptoms deliberately. They may even tamper with medical tests to convince others that treatment is needed. A factitious disorder comes under mental illnesses because they are mostly associated with severe emotional difficulties. People with a factitious disorder suffer from other mental conditions, especially personality disorders.
Factitious disorders are hard to identify and treat. Proper medical and psychiatric treatments are essential for preventing serious injury and even death.
What are the symptoms of the factitious disorder?
The most common falsified symptoms and diseases include:
Abdominal pain
Arthralgia (joint pain)
Chest pain
Diarrhea
Infections
Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level)
Hematuria (blood in the urine)
Hyperthyroidism
Skin wounds that do not heal
Vomiting
Weakness
The potential warning signs of the factitious disorder include:
Unclear or inconsistent symptoms
Extensive knowledge about hospitals, medical terms, and illnesses
Frequent hospital stays
Conditions that don’t respond to standard treatment
Conditions that may worsen following an improvement in the condition
Presence of many surgical scars
Refusal of a psychiatric or psychological evaluation
Refusing the healthcare professionals to meet or talk with family members, friends, and previous healthcare providers
The appearance of new symptoms following negative test results
Eagerness to carry out medical tests, procedures, or operations
Predicting negative medical outcomes despite no evidence
Having a few visitors while hospitalized
Arguing with hospital and medical staff
Disrupting the discharge plans or exaggerating the symptoms while being discharged
Presence of symptoms while being alone or when not being observed
Remarkable but inconsistent medical history
Other common symptoms observed in factitious disorder include:
Lying about or mimicking a symptom
Hurting themselves to produce symptoms
Tampering medical tests, such as contaminating the urine sample
People with a factitious disorder find it hard to believe that they have this disorder.
What are the causes of the factitious disorder?
The exact cause of the factitious disorder is unknown; however, researchers believe that certain biological and psychological factors may play an important role in the development of this disorder. Factors associated with the development of factitious disorder include:
History of child abuse or neglect
History of illnesses that requires the individual to frequently visit hospitals
Trauma
Family dysfunction
Social isolation
Early chronic medical illness
Depression
Low self-esteem
Work in the healthcare field
Loss of a loved one through death
How is factitious disorder treated?
The initial goal of treatment is to alter the person’s behavior and reduce their access to medical resources. Proper medical and psychiatric treatments are essential for preventing serious injury and even death.
Treatment options for factitious disorders include:
Psychotherapy (a type of counseling)
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (changing the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder)
Family therapy (a therapy that helps in teaching family members not to reward or reinforce the behavior of the person)
Medications may be used to treat accompanying anxiety or depression
Factitious Disorders: What Are They, Symptoms, Treatment …
Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org › health › diseases › 983…
Factitious disorders are a group of mental health conditions where you appear sick, make someone else appear sick or purposefully create symptoms of a condition …
People also ask
What are the three factitious disorders?
What are the 10 types of mental disorders?
What is the hardest mental illness to live with?
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Factitious disorder
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Factitious_disorder
A factitious disorder is a mental disorder in which a person, without a malingering motive, acts as if they have an illness by deliberately producing, …
Factitious Disorders - Mental Health
WebMD
https://www.webmd.com › Mental Health › Reference
Aug 27, 2024 — Factitious disorder not otherwise specified: This type includes a disorder called factitious disorder by proxy (also called Munchausen syndrome …
How Many Types of Factitious Disorders Are There?
MedicineNet
https://www.medicinenet.com › article
There are four main types of factitious disorders, including: Factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms: In this condition, the individual …
Discussions and forums
Types of psychological disorders that involve medical lying?
Reddit ·
r/askpsychology
· 2 comments
· 1 month ago
It sounds like you are referring to Factitious Disorder (imposed on self) / Munchausen syndrome. Upvote More
The authors question the clinical status of factitious disorder …
Quora ·
3 answers
· 3 years ago
What is a factitious disorder?
Quora ·
2 answers
· 9 years ago
See more
Functional Mental Disorders
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
https://www.siue.edu › ~pfricke › Fictitious Disorders
However, there is one key difference between factitious disorders and hypochondriasis: people with hypochondriasis believe that they are ill whereas people with …
Factitious disorder - Symptoms and causes
Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org › … › Diseases & Conditions
Factitious disorder, previously called Munchausen syndrome, is a serious mental health condition in which people deceive others by pretending to be sick. They …
Factitious Disorder - StatPearls
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK557547
by KT Carnahan · 2023 · Cited by 20 — Factitious disorder imposed on self - Munchausen syndrome - is a syndrome in which patients consciously induce, feign, or exaggerate physical or psychiatric …
Types of Factitious Disorders - Lesson
Study.com
https://study.com › academy › types-of-factitious-disor…
Apr 4, 2024 — There are two main types: factitious disorder, which involves making yourself sick, and factitious disorder by proxy, which involves making …
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen …
Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org › health › diseases › 983…
Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly known as Munchausen syndrome, is a mental health condition where you falsify an illness or symptoms.
Factitious disorder and malingering are both conditions that involve intentionally producing or exaggerating symptoms, but the main difference is the motivation behind the behavior:
Factitious disorder
A psychiatric disorder where people unconsciously create or exaggerate symptoms to assume the sick role and gain attention or sympathy. People with factitious disorder may go to great lengths to hide their deception.
Malingering
A non-medical condition where people intentionally produce symptoms to gain a secondary benefit, such as financial compensation, avoiding criminal prosecution, or getting out of school or work. People who malinger are aware of their actions and are driven by external incentives.
Other differences between factitious disorder and malingering include:
Treatment
Factitious disorder and malingering require different treatment approaches.
Red flags
Signs of malingering include contradictory statements about symptoms, dramatic behavior, and being resistant to treatment. >>22192604
Identifying and Managing Malingering and Factitious …
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › …
by S Schnellbacher · 2016 · Cited by 22 — Along similar lines as malingering, factitious disorder is the intentional creation or exaggeration of symptoms, but without intent for a concrete benefit. The …
People also ask
What is the difference between malingering and factitious disorder?
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What is the difference between Munchausen syndrome and factitious disorder?
What are the three types of malingering?
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Factitious Disorder vs. Malingering
Charlie Health
https://www.charliehealth.com › post › factitious-disorde…
Jun 3, 2023 — Factitious disorder is driven by a psychological need to be seen as sick, whereas malingering is motivated by external benefits.
What Is the Difference Between Malingering vs Factitious …
Promises Behavioral Health
https://www.promises.com › Mental Health
Aug 8, 2013 — Whereas factitious disorder is a mental health condition with no clear cause, malingerers do it for personal gain. They have clear external …
Malingering and factitious disorder
Practical Neurology
https://pn.bmj.com › content
by C Bass · 2019 · Cited by 96 — The main problem is that DSM-5 presents malingering as a categorical condition, defined as 'the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical …
Simulated Illness: The Factitious Disorders and Malingering
ScienceDirect.com
https://www.sciencedirect.com › article › abs › pii
by CB McCullumsmith · 2011 · Cited by 64 — Factitious disorder behaviors are motivated by an unconscious need to assume the sick role, while malingering behaviors are driven consciously to achieve …
The Case of Factitious Disorder Versus Malingering
Psychiatric Times
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com › view › case-factitio…
Oct 30, 2009 — The primary difference between malingering and factitious disorder is the question of motivation. Is the patient seeking to take the sick role …
Malingering, conversion and factitious disorders. The …
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC6735308
by AK Pasha · 2019 · Cited by 4 — It is important to recognize that the difference between malingering, a conversion disorder and a factitious disorder is the goal or the intent of the patient. >>22192641
Factitious disorder and malingering.
APA PsycNet
https://psycnet.apa.org › record
by BE McDermott · 2008 · Cited by 21 — Factitious disorder and malingering are often linked, because both conditions involve the feigning or production of physical and/or psychological symptoms …
Overview of Somatization - Psychiatric Disorders
Merck Manuals
https://www.merckmanuals.com › psychiatric-disorders
Malingering, which is not a factitious disorder but may be confused with it, is intentional feigning of physical or psychological symptoms motivated by an … >>22192654
>Malingering, which is not a factitious disorder but may be confused with it, is intentional feigning of physical or psychological symptoms motivated by an … >>22192654
> It is important to recognize that the difference between malingering, a conversion disorder and a factitious disorder is the goal or the intent of the patient. >>22192641
>Factitious disorder is driven by a psychological need to be seen as sick, whereas malingering is motivated by external benefits.
>Malingering
>A non-medical condition where people intentionally produce symptoms to gain a secondary benefit, such as financial compensation, avoiding criminal prosecution, or getting out of school or work. People who malinger are aware of their actions and are driven by external incentives.
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