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Hasan Sabbah, prominent Isma‘ili da‘i and founder of the medieval Nizari Isma‘ili state (b. Qum, mid-440s AH/1050s CE, d. Alamut. 518 AH/1124 CE). Little information is available on the early life of Hasan Sabbah, who was referred to as Sayyidna (our master) by his contemporary Nizari lsmailis. The colourful story, according to which Hasan, Nizam al Mulk, and ‘Umar Khayyam had made a pact when they were classmates in their youth under the same master at Nishapur, should be dismissed as a legend (see Rashid al-Din, pp. 110-12; Kashani, pp. 146-48; Mirkhand [Tehran], IV. pp. 199-204; Bowen, 1931, pp. 771-82). The events of Hasan’s career as the first ruler of Alamut are better documented; these events were recorded in the Sargudhasht-i sayyidna, the first part of which may have been autobiographical. Although this chronicle, which marked the initiation of a Nizari tradition of historiography in Persia during the Alamut period, has not survived, it was used extensively by Juwayni, Rashid al-Din and Abu’l-Qasim Kashani, who are the chief authorities on Hasan’s life and career (see Daftary, 1992, pp. 91-97).
Hasan Sabbah was born in Qum into a Twelver Shi‘i family. His father, ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Ja‘far al-Sabbah al-Himyari, a Kufan claiming Himyari Yemeni origins, had migrated from Kufa to Qum. Subsequently, the Sabbah family settled down in Ray, where the youthful Hasan received his early religious education (in the Twelver Shi‘i tradition). It was at Ray, a centre of Isma‘ili activities since the middle of the 3rd AH/9th CE century, that Hasan was introduced to their teachings by Amira Zarrab, a local Isma‘ili da‘i. Later, Hasan learnt more about Isma‘ili doctrines from Abu Nasr Sarraj and other da‘is in Ray, and consequently, after having just turned seventeen, Hasan converted to Isma‘ilism and took the oath of allegiance (‘ahd) to the Isma‘ili imam of the time, the Fatimid Caliph al-Mustansir (427-87 AH/1036-94 CE).
In Ramadan 464 AH /May-June 1072 CE, the newly initiated Hasan managed to impress ‘Abd al-Malik b. ‘Attash, the chief Isma‘ili da‘i in the Saljuq territories, to such an extent that he appointed him to a position in the da‘wa (mission) organisation. In 467 AH/1074-75
https://www.iis.ac.uk/learning-centre/scholarly-contributions/encyclopedia-articles/hasan-sabbah/