"In the 1886 case Ex parte Garland, the Court referred to the President’s authority to pardon as unlimited except in cases of impeachment, extending to every offence known to the law and able to be exercised either before legal proceedings are taken, or during their pendency, or after conviction and judgment."
https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artII-S2-C1-3-1/ALDE_00013316/