Mara Salvatrucha, commonly known as MS-13, is an international criminal gang that originated in Los Angeles, California, in the 1980s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-13
Norteños (Spanish pronunciation: [noɾˈteɲos], lit. 'Northerners'; Norteñas for females) are the various affiliated gangs that pay tribute to Nuestra Familia while in California state and federal correctional facilities.[6] Norteños may refer to Northern California as Norte Califas. Their biggest rivals are the Sureños from Southern California.[3] As of 2008, the statewide north–south dividing line between Norteños and Sureños was regarded as running through the southern end of the Central Valley.[3] The gang's membership consists primarily of Mexican Americans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte%C3%B1os
Sureños ([suˈɾe.ɲos]; Spanish for Southerners), also known as Southern United Raza, Sur 13 or Sureños X3, are groups of loosely affiliated gangs[38] that pay tribute to the Mexican Mafia while in U.S. state and federal correctional facilities.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sure%C3%B1os
n 1968,[7] Mexican American inmates of the California state prison system separated into two rival groups, Norteños (northerners)[8] and Sureños (southerners), according to the locations of their hometowns. Norteños, affiliated with Nuestra Familia, were prison enemies of the Southern Latinos, who are composed of members and affiliates of La eMè, better known as the Mexican Mafia. While La eMè had initially been created to protect Mexicans in prison, there was a perceived level of abuse by members of La eMe towards the imprisoned Latinos from rural farming areas of Northern California.[9] The spark that led to the ongoing war between Norteños and members of the Mexican Mafia involved a situation in which a La eMe member allegedly stole a pair of shoes from a Northerner. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California and the founding of Nuestra Familia.[9]