if a judge fails to recuse themselves from a case where proper grounds existed for recusal, penalties may be levied.
First, the case result can be reviewed by an appellate court, and an entirely new trial may be ordered. This means the judge’s decision regarding a criminal conviction or monetary award may be reversed or set aside.
Second, a judge who refuses recusal when necessary may be further reprimanded or disciplined. Although disciplinary measures vary by jurisdiction, one such measure includes the judge LOSING THEIR JOB.
https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/consequences-of-judges-not-recusing-themselves.html
28 U.S. Code § 455 - Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/455