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>Cardinal Pietro Parolin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Parolin
Pietro Parolin OMRI (Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro paroˈlin], Venetian: [paɾoˈliŋ]; born 17 January 1955) is an Italian Catholic prelate who has served as the Vatican's Secretary of State since 2013 and as a member of the Council of Cardinals since 2014, the same year he was made a cardinal. As the most senior cardinal bishop under the age of 80, he is presiding over the 2025 papal conclave.
Before his tenure as secretary of state, Parolin worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See for 30 years, where his assignments included terms in Nigeria, Mexico and Venezuela, as well as more than six years as Undersecretary of State for Relations with States. As the Cardinal Secretary of State, Parolin set the Vatican's foreign policy stances under Pope Francis. Positions taken by Parolin include denouncing Israel and its actions in Gaza, calling for a halt in war crimes and protection of Gazan citizens. Parolin was one of the primary architects of the Vatican's 2018 agreement with China.[1]
In doctrine, Parolin maintains the traditional dogmas of the Church regarding Zionism, same-sex marriage, and euthanasia, while retaining an openness in revising the disciplines that surround clerical celibacy. During the 2025 papal conclave, Parolin has been called papabile, a leading candidate to succeed Francis as the next Pope.
Early life
Parolin was born in Schiavon, Province of Vicenza, the son of a hardware store manager, Luigi Parolin (1921–1965), and an elementary school teacher, Ada Miotti (1928–2024).[2][3] He has one sister and a brother. When he was ten years old, his father died in a car accident.[4] After he was ordained on 27 April 1980, he took up graduate studies in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University and in diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. He entered the Holy See's diplomatic service in 1986 at the age of 31. He served for three years in the Nunciature of Nigeria where he became familiar with the problems in Christian–Muslim relations.
At the Nunciature of Mexico from 1989 to 1992, Parolin contributed to the final phase of the work begun by Archbishop Girolamo Prigione which led to the legal recognition of the Catholic Church in 1992 and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Mexico after 130 years. These negotiations led to Mexico officially shedding the country's secular and anti-clerical imprint, which extended to its Constitution.[4][5] Working in Rome, he was country director[clarification needed] for Spain, Andorra, Italy, and San Marino.
Since 2000 he has worked with the then-Bishop Attilio Nicora on the implementation of the revision of the Lateran Concordat of 1984, with particular reference to the Italian military ordinariate.[6]…