NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day

May 19, 2025

Charon Flyover from New Horizons

What if you could fly over Pluto's moon Charon – what might you see? The New Horizons spacecraft did just this in 2015 July as it zipped past Pluto and Charon with cameras blazing. The images recorded allowed for a digital reconstruction of much of Charon's surface, further enabling the creation of fictitious flights over Charon created from this data. One such fanciful, minute-long, time-lapse video is shown here with vertical heights and colors of surface features digitally enhanced. Your journey begins over a wide chasm that divides different types of Charon's landscapes, a chasm that might have formed when Charon froze through. You soon turn north and fly over a colorful depression dubbed Mordor that, one hypothesis holds, is an unusual remnant from an ancient impact. Your voyage continues over an alien landscape rich with never-before-seen craters, mountains, and crevices. The robotic New Horizons spacecraft has too much momentum to ever return to Pluto and Charon and is now headed out of our Solar System.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html

Mapped: NASA warns powerful solar flare hurtling towards Earth could trigger blackouts

Updated 19:37 ET, 18 May 2025

A colossal X-class solar flare has burst from the Sun, triggering potent radio blackouts across vast areas of the globe - and experts are warning that more could be imminent as the active sunspot turns directly towards Earth.

The intense eruption originated from sunspot region AR4087 and reached its peak at 4:25am EDT (0825 GMT) on Tuesday (May 14), as reported by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC).

The powerful X2.7-class flare struck the daylight side of Earth with a wave of X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation, causing R3-level radio disruptions across Europe, Asia and the Middle East, according to space.com.

Solar flares are classified by their strength - A, B, C, M and X - with each level signifying a tenfold increase in energy output. This flare's X2.7 rating makes it one of the strongest observed in recent months.

While Earth was not directly in the path of any potential coronal mass ejection (CME) from this flare - given that the sunspot region is still near the Sun's edge - scientists are keeping a close eye on developments.

CMEs are large explosions of solar plasma and magnetic field that can spark geomagnetic storms and even breath-taking auroras, especially if they collide with Earth's magnetic field.

Significantly, sunspot AR4087 is rotating towards Earth and has already shown signs of volatility. It has unleashed multiple flares within a few hours, including a strong M5.3-class flare just prior to the X2.7 eruption, reports the Express.

Vincent Ledvina, an aurora expert, raised alarms on X (formerly Twitter ), cautioning: "This is getting intense, especially as this active region turns closer into view.

This same AR just produced an M5.3 flare a few hours ago. What does this AR have planned over the next days … we'll have to wait and see."

The recent X2.7-class solar flare is the most intense since March's X1.2 event from sunspot region AR4086, which is now moving out of sight.

The Sun's surge in activity has reignited worries about potential disruptions to communication, navigation systems, and satellites.

This solar eruption led to a swift ionisation of the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere, causing high-frequency radio signal disturbances for operators across vast areas.

The SWPC warns that the US and other parts of the world might experience more solar flares soon, depending on the ongoing activity of AR4087 as it shifts into a position with greater impact on Earth.

With the sunspot's growing instability and Earth's orbital dynamics, there's an increased likelihood of seeing the Northern Lights further south than usual, alongside elevated risks of communication failures and power grid issues.

Scientists are keeping a close eye on developments, but with AR4087 increasingly facing our planet, the next solar flare could pose more serious consequences.

https://www.themirror.com/news/world-news/mapped-nasa-warns-powerful-solar-1155998

NASA astronaut on board the ISS shares his take on a popular fast-food item - so, can YOU tell what it's meant to be?

Updated: 07:07 EDT, 19 May 2025

NASA has managed to get men on the moon, rovers on Mars, and probes around Saturn's rings.

But it seems the space agency is yet to master how to make an appetising cheeseburger in space.

Jonny Kim, a NASA astronaut on board the International Space Station (ISS) has shared a photo of a 'cheeseburger' floating in zero-gravity.

Unlike the fast-food treats that many of us enjoy here on solid ground, it doesn't look very appetising.

Despite being 260 miles above the nearest grocery store, his snack impressively consisted of five ingredients.

This includes 'wheat snack bread' as the bun, a beef steak as the burger, and congealed cheese spread as the cheese.

'I miss cooking for my family,' the astronaut, who has been on board the ISS since April 8, tweeted.

He added: 'But this hits the spot in its own way.'

Kim launched to the ISS on the Roscosmos Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8, 2025, and is set to spend eight months on board the floating space station.

Since his arrival, Kim has been keeping his fans on X updated on his experiences - including his meals.

'If you've lived on MREs [ready-to-eat meals], you've probably tried some creative field recipes, he tweeted.

'Here is a twist on the ranger burger, one of my favorites.'

With limited resources on board the ISS, Kim had to get pretty creative with his burger.

'Beef steak, wheat snack bread, cheese spread as both topping and glue, potatoes au gratin layered in the middle, and a generous slather of gochujang red pepper paste from a care package on the SpX-32 Cargo Dragon,' he explained, alongside pictures of his creation.

While the burger doesn't look particularly appetising, several fans have applauded his efforts.

'In outer space while inventing new lunchables! Keep up the good work,' one user replied.

Another added: 'Thank you for sharing this tasty looking sandwich and views from your adventures in space thus far!

'Lots of respect and admiration.'

This isn't the first time an astronaut has attempted to create a cheeseburger in space.

Back in 2015, astronaut Terry Virts tweeted a photo of a strange-looking 'space cheeseburger' wrapped in a tortilla.

'Beef patties, Russian mustard, tomato paste, cheese paste and tortilla. VERY TASTY!' the Baltimore-born astronaut wrote alongside his post.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-14727063/NASA-astronaut-ISS-popular-fast-food-item.html

https://payloadspace.com/democrats-have-ceded-leadership-on-space-policy/

Op-Ed: Democrats Have Ceded Leadership on Space Policy

May 19, 2025

From President John F. Kennedy’s iconic call to “go to the Moon, not because it is easy” to President Barack Obama’s forward-looking directive to use commercial rides to orbit for cargo and crew, Democrats have historically been strong supporters of the space program.

Unfortunately, in the years since Obama left office, Democrats have dropped the ball on the matter. Republicans have used it to rile up their base with calls to showcase American superiority, and beat China on the off-world stage.

It’s not that Democratic members are silent on space. We still see lawmakers on the left celebrating major milestones in the space program, and vocally supporting the traditionally Democratic positions of promoting science funding and workforce development.

These are important things to support. But they’re a small subset of space-related topics that require attention as the space industry rapidly transforms.

Lopsided interest: A quick glance at space-related bills introduced last Congress tells a clear story: Democrats led space legislation 30% less often than Republicans, and Democrats aren’t engaging on the breadth of topics Republicans have laid out proposals for.

That lack of action is driving an innovative, tech-focused population away from the Democratic Party.

At the New Directions for Democrats summit in late April, Rep. George Whitesides (D-CA) remarked that he had been told many startups haven’t heard pro-innovation messages from Democrats for some time.

As a result, many tech bros and defense startups—space-related businesses and executives included—are backing Republicans.

In an op-ed in The Hill, economist Alexander Salter put it simply when he said, “the parties do not have equally impressive recent records on space policy—Republicans have accomplished much more.”

Salter cited accomplishments from Trump’s first term—including more than half a dozen directives ranging from space traffic management, to establishing the Space Force.

Money matters: So, why should Democrats who aren’t space nerds like Whitesides and me care? With the cost of eggs soaring to the Kármán Line, why should people care about the Moon?

Polls show that American voters view Democrats generally as weaker on the economy. The economy was a major contributor to the walloping loss for the party during the last election.

Condemnation of Trump’s economic chaos isn’t enough—voters want to see Democrats present their own economic agenda.

The space industry provides a fantastic opening to talk about what that agenda can and should look like.

A pro-economy space policy: Trump’s tariffs, and broader efforts to try to bring manufacturing back to the US by raising the prices Americans pay on everyday goods, are not the answer.

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>>23054341

Promoting innovation and American leadership in growing industries of the future, on the other hand, are practical and pro-growth policies that will create American jobs instead of leading to layoffs across the country.

The space industry demand is expanding rapidly within the United States. The need for American workers in this high-tech industry has never been higher, as export controls applied to the industry necessitate American manufacturing for many products.

According to analysis from the Space Foundation, “in the last decade, overall private sector employment increased 14.3%, while space sector employment increased 27%”—and it shows no signs of slowing down.

These are disproportionately high-paying jobs at all educational levels. The space industry needs welders just as much as it needs engineers and rocket scientists.

In 2023, the average salary in the space industry was nearly double the average private sector salary, the Space Foundation says.

We know that the American people are eager for economic opportunity and change. Yet, visit any aerospace supplier around the nation and you’ll hear a different story.

Aerospace businesses and workers are proud to support American space leadership—and to work a job that enables them to support their families.

A path forward: Democrats need to strongly support the space industry, because it creates those jobs.

That support means enacting reasonable regulatory reform, promoting a tax policy that incentivizes research and development, and standing up for agencies like NASA and services like the Space Force that are critical to the industry.

Policy is vital to the continued success of the American space industry, but policy alone isn’t enough.

That policy needs to be matched with messaging that helps Americans understand the benefits of space for their community—and how space fits into the broader economic offering that Democrats want to provide when the party regains power.

Supporting the space economy should be a messaging slam dunk for Democrats, going into 2026 and beyond. Space creates great jobs, grows the economy, inspires students to pursue STEM, keeps the country safe, and helps us understand climate change.

As Trump’s administration repeatedly takes actions that make the rich richer and that do nothing for normal Americans who want to work their way up the economic ladder, there’s a real opportunity for Democrats to regain voters via pro economic growth policies.

Space should be a poster child for that effort. The party needs to get to work now to make that a reality, rather than running from a policy arena Republicans are currently dominating.

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Mysterious white streak spotted over US skies during surprise aurora storm. What was it?

May 19, 2025

The night sky offered lucky skywatchers an unexpected double feature on May 17 — a surprise geomagnetic storm and a mysterious white plume slicing through the auroras.

The moderate (G2 class) geomagnetic storm came as quite a surprise, kicking off early Friday (May 16) after Earth caught the glancing blow of a coronal mass ejection (CME).

The CME was launched during a colossal filament eruption on May 12 from the sun's northern hemisphere. Initially expected to miss Earth, the "bird-wing" ejecta was wider than predicted, with some of the material striking Earth 4 days after it left the sun.

But the real head-turner came when a streak of bright white light lit up the sky over Colorado and other parts of the U.S.

At first glance, you could be mistaken for thinking it was a strange version of STEVE — a rare atmospheric phenomenon that can accompany the northern lights. But skywatchers quickly realized it was something entirely different.

"The aurora was rippling low on the northern horizon when suddenly a bright streak of light, reminiscent of a rocket re-entry, appeared high in the sky and flowed down to the horizon," photographer Mike Lewinski told Spaceweather.com.

Lewinski captured the entire event unfolding in the skies above Crestone, Colorado.

The culprit? A recent rocket launch. Roughly an hour earlier, Chinese company Landscape had launched its Zhuque-2E methane-fueled rocket from Site 96 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC), in China.

It carried six satellites into orbit, including a radar spacecraft and space science payload. The streak was likely from a de-orbit or circularization burn, possibly related to satellite deployment, according to Spaceweather.com.

Astronomer Jonathan McDowell took to X to confirm that the white streak of light was the result of the Zhuque-2 upper stage passing over the U.S. Four Corners area.

McDowell further explained that the white streak was caused by the fuel dump from the upper stage at about 155 miles (250 kilometers) altitude.

Aurora photographer Derick Wilson also captured the bright white streak above Farmington, New Mexico.

"The #aurora was visual but colorless… then the brightest sight I've ever seen in the night sky appeared overhead!" Wilson wrote in a post on X.

Photographer Tyler Schlitt captured the white plume from southern Kansas, U.S. Schlitt, like many, had originally thought STEVE had appeared. But soon learned it was something entirely different.

"Learning that it’s a rocket launch yet again from China is wild! One year ago and a few day I saw the same thing and was unsure but that one seem more of a rocket dump this one fell extremely close," Schlitt wrote in an X post comment.

It's not the first time a rocket launch has left skywatchers scratching their heads.

SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets, for instance, have created dazzling spiral patterns that swirl across the sky — strange sights that often spark confusion and awe, especially for first-time viewers who might mistake them for something truly otherworldly.

https://www.space.com/stargazing/mysterious-white-streak-spotted-over-us-skies-during-surprise-aurora-storm-what-was-it-photos

https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1923814299673178117

>>23054391

14,000 years ago, the most powerful solar storm ever recorded hit Earth. 'This event establishes a new worst-case scenario'

May 19, 2025

An extreme solar storm hit Earth some 14,300 years ago, more powerful than any other such event known in human history, a new analysis of radiocarbon data has revealed.

The solar storm, the only known to have taken place in the last Ice Age, long eluded scientists as they lacked appropriate models for interpreting radiocarbon data from glacial climate conditions.

But a new study by a team from the Oulu University in Finland has taken a stab at the measurement interpretation with eye-opening results.

Using a novel chemistry-climate model, the team found that the marked spike in the carbon-14 isotope detected in fossilized tree rings was caused by a solar storm more than 500 times as powerful as the 2003 Halloween Solar Storm, which was the most intense in modern history.

Solar storms generate major disruptions to Earth's magnetic field and dump enormous quantities of charged particles into the planet's atmosphere.

These particles, mostly high-energy protons, boost the natural levels of carbon-14 — a radioactive isotope of carbon also known as radiocarbon.

Carbon 14 is produced by interactions of nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere with cosmic rays. Scientists can use radiocarbon concentrations to date organic materials as the isotopes decay over time.

In 2023, a major spike in radiocarbon concentrations in fossilized tree rings was discovered, indicating a major solar storm must have taken place as the last ice age was drawing to an end.

The new study was finally able to precisely assess the magnitude of that solar storm and date it more accurately.

The scientists believe that solar storm took place between January and April in the year 12,350 BC, likely dazzling the hundreds of thousands of mammoth hunters who lived in Europe at that time with the most awe-inspiring aurora borealis.

"The ancient event in 12,350 BC is the only known extreme solar particle event outside of the Holocene epoch, the past approximately 12,000 years of stable warm climate," Kseniia Golubenko, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oulu and lead author of the new study, said in a statement.

"Our new model lifts the existing limitation to the Holocene and extends our ability to analyze radiocarbon data even for glacial climate conditions."

Scientists previously studied records of five other radiocarbon spikes found in tree ring data, which they attributed to powerful solar storms that had taken place in 994 AD, 775 AD, 663 BC, 5259 BC and 7176 BC.

The strongest of these "Holocene" events was the 775 AD solar storm, which pummeled Earth at a time when Charles the Great reigned over the post-Roman Frankish empire in medieval Europe.

Few written records have been preserved depicting that storm, but historians found hits of it in ancient Chinese and Anglo-Saxon chronicles.

The recently analyzed storm of 12,350 BC was even stronger, having deposited about 18% more charged particles into the atmosphere, the study reveals.

The scope of these enormous solar storms is important to understand for technology experts in the 21st century, which is much more vulnerable to the whims of the sun due to society's dependence on electronic systems and space technologies.

"This event establishes a new worst-case scenario," Golubenko said. "Understanding its scale is critical for evaluating the risks posed by future solar storms to modern infrastructure like satellites, power grids, and communication systems."

Other solar storms in recent history show us just how much damage the sun's outbursts can cause here on Earth. The 1859 Carrington Event took down telegraph wires all over the world.

The Halloween Storm of 2003, which was ten times weaker, caused chaos in Earth's orbit as satellites' trajectories changed unpredictably in the atmosphere which was suddenly much more dense due to interactions with charged particles from the sun.

The Gannon Storm of 2024, similar in strength to the Halloween Storm, raised concerns of space sustainability experts as it triggered a "mass migration of satellites" when thousands of spacecraft began firing their thrusters to make up for altitude loss caused by atmospheric density changes.

A storm as ferocious as the one of 12,350 BC would likely cause complete mayhem if it were to strike Earth and its surrounding space today.

https://www.space.com/astronomy/sun/14-000-years-ago-the-most-powerful-solar-storm-ever-recorded-hit-earth-this-event-establishes-a-new-worst-case-scenario

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X25001827?via%3Dihub#br0020

>>23054439

kek

cheeky frog

National Air and Space Museum to reveal more renovated galleries on July 28

May 18, 2025

From John Glenn's Friendship 7 to Blue Origin's New Shepard, space capsules and more are set to return to or debut on display with the opening of five "reimagined" galleries at the National Air and Space Museum this summer.

As part of a still on-going, seven-year renovation of the museum's flagship building in Washington, the Smithsonian has announced that it is ready to premiere more of its exhibitions following the reveal of eight of its halls on the building's west end in 2022.

The next launch, scheduled for July 28, includes two galleries highlighting some of the most historic and newest space artifacts in the national collection.

The Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall, which visitors will first see after proceeding through the museum's newly-redesigned Jefferson Drive entrance along the National Mall showcases some of the museum's most iconic objects, including Glenn's Mercury spacecraft and an Apollo lunar module configured to appear as Apollo 11's "Eagle" looked in 1969 when it landed the first humans on the moon.

The displays in Milestones were the first to be redesigned in 2016 — in time for the museum's 40th anniversary — but then the hall was closed and the artifacts were removed again so that the area itself could be renovated.

Milestones' exhibits also include a North American X-15 rocket plane, the Gemini 4 capsule from which astronaut Ed White performed the first American spacewalk in 1965 and a moon rock that the public can touch.

Also opening on July 28 will be the new "Futures in Space" exhibition, which takes over the location of the relocated "How Things Fly," next to the Milestones of Flight Hall.

"Futures" will display artifacts new to the building to address topics like "who decides who goes to space?" and "why do we go?"

Debuting with Futures in Space are a Virgin Galactic "RocketMotorTwo" engine that powered pilots Mark Stucky and Frederick "CJ" Sturckow into space on a suborbital test flight on board the SpaceShipTwo "VSS Unity" in 2018 and an aluminum grid fin that helped SpaceX land a Falcon 9 rocket's first stage in 2017.

Also new is a mockup of Blue Origin's New Shepard capsule, a pressurized cabin used to fly cargo and clients beyond the boundary separating Earth and space.

Jeff Bezos, the company's billionaire founder and its first passenger, has pledged to replace the replica with a flown capsule once it has retired from flying.

Other areas of the National Air and Space Museum reopening at the same time include three aviation-themed halls — "Barron Hilton Pioneers of Flight," "World War I: The Birth of Military Aviation" and the Allan and Shelley Holt Innovations Gallery — and the the Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater.

The remaining eight galleries still under renovation are scheduled to open on July 1, 2026, the 50th anniversary of the National Air and Space Museum and in time for the United States' 250th anniversary. Among them are the interactive

"At Home in Space," which will engage visitors in how humans live and work in space and venture beyond Earth orbit, and "RTX Living in the Space Age Hall," revealing how innovations in space technology have transformed our lives on Earth.

Likewise, the "National Science Foundation Discovering Our Universe" exhibition will show how advancements in astronomical tools changed our understanding of the universe.

Also opening next year, wrapping up the renovations, are the "Textron How Things Fly," "Jay I. Kislak World War II in the Air" and "Modern Military Aviation" galleries, as well as the "Flight and the Arts Center."

Free timed-entry passes are required to visit. Passes for the July 28 opening and beyond will be available on the National Air and Space Museum website June 13.

https://www.space.com/space-exploration/national-air-and-space-museum-to-reveal-more-renovated-galleries-on-july-28

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5DfoUYDBxU

https://airandspace.si.edu/

Voyager Technologies files to go public

May 19, 2025

Space and defense company Voyager Technologies has filed paperwork to go public, revealing details about the company’s finances and plans for its largest project.

Voyager filed a preliminary prospectus for its planned initial public offering (IPO) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission May 16. The company previously confidentially filed plans for its IPO with the SEC.

The draft prospectus does not yet disclose how many shares the company plans to sell or the amount the company expects to raise in the IPO. It does, though, offer financial details about Voyager.

The company reported $144.2 million in revenue in 2024 and a net loss of $65.6 million, versus $136.1 million in revenue and a net loss of $25.2 million in 2023.

The company also reported revenue of $34.5 million in the first quarter of 2025, and a net loss of $27.9 million.

The company, previously known as Voyager Space, rebranded as Voyager Technologies in January, around the time of its confidential IPO filing, to emphasize a focus on defense technologies.

It said in its prospectus that its revenue was split 50-50 between its defense and space work in 2024, although defense work accounts for two-thirds of its revenue in the first quarter of this year.

The company’s largest single customer, though, is NASA, which accounted for a quarter of its revenue in 2024 and a fifth of its revenue in the first quarter of this year. Other major customers include Lockheed Martin, Airbus and the U.S. Air Force.

Voyager’s highest profile project is Starlab, a commercial space station. The company received a funded Space Act Agreement from NASA to support initial design work on the station, currently worth $217.5 million with $70.3 million yet to be paid.

(Voyager said the agreement is not counted as revenue in its financial documents in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.)

Starlab is now being developed by the Starlab Space joint venture, created by Voyager in 2023 as it brought in other partners to support work on the station.

Voyager previously said it had a majority stake in the joint venture but did not disclose its size. According to the prospectus, as of the end of March Voyager held 67% of Starlab Space and Airbus Defence and Space 30.5%.

The remainder was held by MDA Space, Mitsubishi and Palantir.

The NASA award covers only initial work on Starlab, and the company will have to compete for a second phase of NASA’s Commercial Low Earth Orbit Development program that will offer additional funding for station development.

Voyager revealed in the prospectus that it projects Starlab to cost $2.8 billion to $3.3 billion to develop.

In addition to NASA funding, Voyager said it expects to fund Starlab through customers making advance payments for use of the station as well as equity and project-based financing.

Starlab is planned to launch in 2029, with the entire station deployed on a single SpaceX Starship launch. Voyager said it many later add modules to Starlab or deploy additional stations, projecting that Starlab will be core to the company’s finances.

“With an estimated useful life of thirty years, we anticipate Starlab will have an infrastructure-like financial profile and will generate a significant portion of our revenue, profitability and cash flows once launched and fully operational,” the company stated.

The prospectus also revealed another acquisition by Voyager. The company disclosed that on May 2 it acquired Optical Physics Company for $10.7 million in cash and stock.

The company develops star trackers and other optical systems for space applications. Voyager said it will incorporate Optical Physics Company into its defense and national security business unit “and was a strategic acquisition for program integration.”

https://spacenews.com/voyager-technologies-files-to-go-public/

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1788060/000162828025026244/voyager-sx1.htm

Space Professor elected President of Royal Aeronautical Society 2026

19 May 2025

Professor Malcolm Macdonald has been named as President Elect of the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAes), the oldest aeronautical society in the world, and the only professional body dedicated to the entire aerospace community.

He will take up the post of President in May 2026

The space expert is Director of the Centre for Signal and Image Processing (CeSIP), and of the Centre’s Applied Space Technology Laboratory at the University of Strathclyde.

Founded in 1866, and originally known as the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain, RAeS now has more than 26,000 members with international branches throughout the world and regional divisions as far afield as Australia, Pakistan, New Zealand, and South Africa.

Upholding values

The President of the Society provides leadership of the Council and of the Society in pursuit of its objectives, and has a pivotal role upholding the values, and reputation.

The President is also instrumental in influencing the global standing of the Society in furthering the advancement of aeronautical art, science and engineering.

Professor Macdonald, who is also Visiting Professor at the Centre for Space Research (C-Space), University College Dublin, and Vice-Chair of the Space Technology Advisory Committee of the UK Space Agency, said:

“The Society has been at the forefront of aerospace developments from before humans undertook powered flight and is today driving forward the green transformation of the entire sector.

“I’m grateful to be joining a long history of Presidents, and for the opportunity to support and to advocate for the whole of the aerospace sector.”

Space experts

David Edwards FRAeS, Chief Executive, said: Space is a vital part of our work at the Royal Aeronautical Society, and we’re delighted to welcome Malcolm to his year as President Elect.

“When he becomes President in May 2026 he will join a small but illustrious group of Space experts to have held the role – we’re excited for what he will bring to our debates and events.”

https://www.strath.ac.uk/whystrathclyde/news/2025/scotsspaceprofessorelectedpresidentofroyalaeronauticalsociety2026/