Solar radiation modification: NOAA State of the Science factsheet

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) refers to deliberate, large-scale actions intended to decrease global average surface temperatures by increasing the reflection of sunlight away from the Earth. Proposed SRM methods involve the use of aerosols (small particles) or other materials to increase the reflectivity of the atmosphere, clouds, or Earth’s surface. These methods have the potential to lower surface temperatures more quickly than carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods and reduce some risks posed by climate change, while posing other risks still to be understood.

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) and marine cloud brightening (MCB) are the SRM methods that have garnered the most interest and have been the subject of the most research based on a combination of projected feasibility and estimated cost. To date, far less research has been performed on other proposed methods for modifying Earth’s radiation budget (Figure 1).

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Atmospheric Aerosol Injection Programs

Atmospheric aerosol injection (AAI) is a hypothetical approach to mitigating the effects of climate change by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet. While AAI is still a topic of research and debate, here are some examples of AAI programs and initiatives:

Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI): SAI involves injecting aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet. Several research programs have explored the feasibility of SAI, including:

Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) project led by the University of California, Berkeley

Aerosol Injection into the Stratosphere (AIS) project led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Cloud Albedo Modification: This approach involves seeding clouds with aerosols or other substances to increase their albedo (reflectivity). The Cloud Albedo Modification project is a research initiative led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Solar Radiation Management via Aerosol Injection: This concept involves injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet. The Solar Radiation Management via Aerosol Injection project is a research study led by the University of Colorado Boulder.

Climate Engineering Research: This initiative involves exploring various approaches to climate engineering, including AAI, cloud albedo modification, and solar radiation management via aerosol injection. The Climate Engineering Research project is a research program led by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Geoengineering Research: This project involves exploring various approaches to geoengineering, including AAI, cloud albedo modification, and solar radiation management via aerosol injection. The Geoengineering Research project is a research program led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

References:

"Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI)" by the University of California, Berkeley

"Aerosol Injection into the Stratosphere (AIS)" by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

"Cloud Albedo Modification" by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

"Solar Radiation Management via Aerosol Injection" by the University of Colorado Boulder

"Climate Engineering Research" by the National Science Foundation (NSF)

"Geoengineering Research" by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)