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Notice the word Civil disputes not setting international trade policy, that belongs to the POTUS.
The United States Court of International Trade (USCIT) was established to provide a comprehensive system for judicial review ofcivil actions arising out of import transactions and federal actions affecting international trade, ensuring national uniformity in decision-making on these matters.
Its mandate stems from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which requires that "all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States," and the court operates as an Article III court under the authority of 28 U.S.C. §§ 251–258.
The court has nationwide jurisdiction and is authorized to hear cases arising anywhere in the United States, as well as to hold hearings in foreign countries.
It possesses exclusive jurisdiction over civil actions against the United States, its agencies, or officers that arise from laws related to international trade.
This includes disputes involving tariffs, duties, fees, and other taxes on imports; classification and valuation of imported goods; U.S. Customs and Border Protection actions; antidumping and countervailing duties determined by the Department of Commerce; determinations by the United States International Trade Commission; and Trade Adjustment Assistance claims under the Trade Act of 1974.
The Customs Courts Act of 1980 significantly expanded the court’s jurisdiction, granting it residual authority todecide any civil action arising out of a law pertaining to international trade.
The court also has full powers in law and equity, comparable to U.S. district courts, enabling it to issue money judgments, writs of mandamus, and preliminary or permanent injunctions as appropriate relief.
The USCIT consists of nine judges appointed by the President with Senate confirmation, who serve lifetime terms and are subject to the restriction that no more than five may belong to the same political party.
The Chief Judge serves as a statutory member of the Judicial Conference of the United States, contributing to national judicial administration policies